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General Studies – 1
Topic: Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article explains why there is a need of mass movement to fight dowry.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain in what way harassment and deaths over dowry cut across class, financial, educational and religious barriers and analyse the causative factors and suggest reforms to end this menace.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some key facts showing issues related to Dowry Deaths.
Body:
Explain first how we still live in an age where moral outrage spreads faster over social media than you can blink, and yet a dowry death hardly moves the needle on our moral compass.
Discuss the issues and challenges associated with Dowry.
Explain how accepting dowry should be made a social stigma, and all generations should be addressed.
The larger context for the practice of dowry is the poor presence of women in the workforce, and their consequent lack of financial independence. Women should be supported to take up jobs and have independent incomes. This means we should expand childcare and safe public transport, reduce discrimination in hiring, and create affirming workplace environments. At home, men should share domestic work and care responsibilities.
Suggest solutions.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Social empowerment
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article brings to us the dismal picture of gender self-identification in our country and the need to address the concerns associated.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss what you understand by self-identification and its process in India while highlighting the issues associated with it.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the definition of gender self-identification.
Body:
The Spanish government has approved the first draft of a bill that would allow anyone over the age of 14 to legally change gender without a medical diagnosis or hormone therapy.
Self-identification, or ‘self-id’, is the concept that a person should be allowed to legally identify with the gender of their choice by simply declaring so, and without facing any medical tests.
Discuss the associated issues.
Explain the process for declaring one’s desired sex in India.
Explain the issues associated. Discuss what needs to be done.
Conclusion:
Suggest solutions to address the problem and conclude.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article brings to us insights on the possible role that technology-driven e-governance can play in improving the efficiency of police force.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to discuss the concerns associated with Indian criminal justice system and highlight the role of technology-driven e-governance in improving the efficiency of police force.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the context of the question.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
First discuss the concerns associated with in Indian criminal justice system.
Discuss the importance of streamlining of delivery mechanism with technology and in what way it can enable police forces to improve efficiency, cut out corruption.
An efficient and well-oiled criminal justice system helps a country politically, socially and economically.
Discuss the aspects of e-governance and its utility in detail with suitable examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
In light of the historic economic contraction of the Indian economy induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and calls for economic reforms to revive growth, the article discusses the 1991 economic reforms and the road ahead for India.
Key Demand of the question:
Evaluate India’s 1991 liberalisation reforms and the lessons it offers in contemporary times.
Directive:
Assess – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of the question.
Body:
Talk first about the pre-reform era. The Indian economy before the 1991 reforms was based on strict regulation and could be characterized as a controlled system. The public sector accounted for a significant proportion of the economy with the so-called critical sectors reserved for the public sector despite their lackluster performance.
Then move on to discuss 1991 Economic Reforms.
Highlight the pros and cons of these reforms.
Explain in what way they are relevant even in today’s times.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article is a narration of the achievements and failures of Smart city mission in India.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the challenges in refining core infrastructure and services through Smart City Mission to make Indian cities more liveable, economically vibrant, and environmentally sustainable.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with key data on current status of core infrastructure in the country.
Body:
Discuss in detail what are the challenges that exist in the implementation of smart cities – technology challenges with coverage and capacity. Digital security. Legislation and policies. Lack of confidence or reluctance shown by citizens (lack of clarity around benefits). Funding and business models, Interoperability etc.
Discuss the above factors in detail and suggest what needs to be done to overcome these problems.
Explain in what way Smart City Mission can be executed to make Indian cities more liveable, economically vibrant, and environmentally sustainable.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article brings to us importance of cloud computing and its applicability to Governance processes.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to examine the importance of cloud computing technology in governance processes in India with examples.
Directive:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences. You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming a personal opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by cloud computing.
Body:
Explain that for public sector organisations that deal with immense volumes of data on a routine basis, hybrid cloud environment offers the dual benefits of security and simplicity as also scalable infrastructure that can easily support heavy workloads.
Discuss the role of technology in better and good governance.
In India, for example, the government has embarked upon the ‘GI Cloud’ or ‘MeghRaj’ initiative. The goal of this programme is to improve the speed with which electronic services are delivered in the country and to optimize Information and Communication Technology (ICT) spending.
The programme will utilize and harness the benefits of cloud computing, boost infrastructure utilisation and speed up the development and implementation of e-government apps.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Reference: Economic Times
Why the question:
Reliance Industries Limited has announced to invest Rs 75,000 cr in clean energy, build 4 giga factories. Thus the question.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain in detail the concept of clean energy and discuss the prospects of it along with associated concerns.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the definition of clean energy.
Body:
Clean energy is the energy derived from renewable, zero-emissions sources as well as energy saved through energy efficiency measures. To be truly clean the carbon cost of production and storage needs to be zero, and this is where sources such as solar power and wind energy are seen as being truly clean and renewable. A clean energy economy powered by both renewables and energy efficiency is the most sustainable energy planning scenario available.
Differentiate between Clean and Renewable Energy.
Expound upon Current Status of Clean Energy in India.
Discuss in detail why is the entry of Private players in the Clean Energy an inevitability.
Conclusion:
Suggest solutions.
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