[MISSION 2022] SECURE 2022 : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 26 November 2021 – INSIGHTSIAS

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General Studies – 1


 

Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).

1. Discuss the distribution and changing patterns of Iron and steel industry in India. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To show the distribution of Iron and steel industry in India and changing patterns associated with it.

Directive word: 

Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving a brief historical account of Iron and steel industry during pre-independence in India.

Body:

First, write about how did Iron and steel industry in India develop post-independence. Use a small map to show important industrial regions in India.

Next, Explain that there has been a change in the sense that the main producers of iron and steel are predominantly developing countries that have replaced their developed counterparts who held sway in the industry till recently.

Next, Explain the reasons for the same such as – Industry is shifting towards market, towards a location that is a transport hub, shifting towards the industrial hub so that the produced steel could be consumed by other industries like automobile and heavy engineering at same place etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

 

Topic: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).

2. Explain Weber’s theory of Industrial location and its relevance in the present day. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To explain Weber’s theory of Industrial location and its current relevance.

Directive word: 

Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Give a brief overview that industrial location is based on various factors.

Body:

First, write about various assumptions and market orientations as propounded by Weber

Next, write about the types of cost in his studies: Transportation cost, labor cost and agglomeration effect.

Next, with examples from across the world comment on the relevance of this model in the present day.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

 


General Studies – 2


 

Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

3. The making of India’s Constitution was a carnival of democracy. In this context, discuss the changing contours of India’s constitutional morality. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate.

Reference: Live Mint

Why the question:

President Ram Nath Kovind will lead the celebrations of Constitution Day on Friday at the Central Hall of Parliament House. As a part of the Constitution Day celebrations on Friday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will address the distinguished gathering and participate in the programmes that will be organised in the Parliament and Vigyan Bhawan.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the importance of micro irrigation, issues in it and measures to overcome the issues.

Directive word: 

Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving brief about the process of drafting and adoption of Indian constitution.

Body:

First, explain constitutional morality – adherence to the core principles of the constitutional democracy, effective coordination between conflicting interests of different people and the administrative cooperation to resolve the amicably without any confrontation amongst the various groups working for the realization of their ends at any cost; public conscience, moral order and constitutional morality- ethics of politicians etc

Next, discuss the sources of constitutional morality in India. Text of the Constitution; Constitutional Assembly debates; Events that took place during the framing of the Constitution; and Case Law History and based upon which are changing contours of constitutional morality. Use examples to justify your points.

Conclusion:

Conclude by stressing on the importance of constitutional morality.

 

Topic: Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.

4. The Pre-Legislative Consultation Policy supports the growing expectations of a transparent government and resolves contentious issues on which government is seeking to build consensus. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

In 2014, the Pre-Legislative Consultation Policy was adopted, mandating a host of rules, including that whenever the Government makes any law, it must place a draft version of it in the public domain for at least 30 days. Since the inception of the policy, 227 of the 301 bills introduced in Parliament have been presented without any prior consultation.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about importance of Pre legislative consultative policy for our democracy.

Directive word:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by mentioning about the aims of Pre legislative consultative policy.

Body:

First, write about the process involved in Pre legislative consultative policy as proposed in 2014.

Next, write about the importance of the policy in enhancing transparency and building consensus on contention issues, rectifying any overlooks etc. Substantiate with examples.

Next, write about the bottlenecks in implementation of the policy.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

 

Topic: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

5. Community kitchens have emerged as an empirical solution to feed those in need and an adequate food security measure. It is about time to have a national policy for community kitchens. Analyse. (250 words).

Difficulty level: Easy.

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

With the Supreme Court’s three-week deadline looming, the Food Ministry on Thursday formed a group of eight State Food Secretaries to create the framework for a community kitchens scheme.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the importance of community kitchens and the need for national policy for their adequate development.

Directive word:

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Start by explaining the concept of community kitchens and examples of same from across India.

Body:

First, write about the various advantages of community kitchens – Food security, feeding the needy, affordable cost, nutritious meals, reducing burden on women, involvement of SHG’s etc.

Next, mention the need to have a pan India community kitchens policy in the light of food shortage and prevalence of malnutrition.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward which will also lead to achievement of SDG-2.

 


General Studies – 3


 

Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

6. Since the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, there has been a discernible improvement in India’s counterterrorism mechanisms. Complex challenges, however, continue to confront India. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Hindustan Times

Why the question:

The November 2008 Mumbai attacks, also referred to as the 26/11 attacks, prompted the central government to critically heighten its counter-terrorism operations and re-examine several aspects of its already straining ties with Pakistan.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about improvements in counterterrorism mechanisms post 26/11 and the present challenges in this area.

Directive word: 

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving the context of the deadly attacks of 26/11 on India.

Body:

First, mention the changes witnessed in counterterrorism mechanisms post 26/11- Intelligence capabilities and inter-agency coordination, plugging vulnerabilities of India’s maritime and coastal security architecture, emphasis on cyber security etc.

Next, mention the evolving nature of terrorism and the threats it poses – social media radicalisation, changes in Afghanistan, cyber terrorism, lone wolf attacks etc.

Next, write about the measures needed to tackle the above.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

 


General Studies – 4


 

Topic: Case Study

7. There are many reasons why the death penalty should have no place in any society, not least because it violates the fundamental right to life. The argument that it may deter violent crime is countered by the observations that murder rates declined in ten out of eleven countries which had abolished capital punishment in recent years. The most egregious aspect of the death penalty is the widespread evidence of miscarriage of justice which occurs even in the most robust judicial systems, leading to the real threat of an irreversible punishment being inflicted on an innocent person.

India has a chequered history with the death penalty. For many years, until the execution of Dhananjoy Chatterjee in 2004 for the rape and murder of a minor girl, the country was a de facto abolitionist state. Since then, nearly 500 prisoners have been sentenced to death row, nine individuals have been executed since 2014, and there has been a legislative expansion of the death penalty, in particular for crimes of sexual violence.

Against this background, the release of the Deathworthy report last month on the relationship between being sentenced to death and mental health, calls upon our society to revisit its ambivalent stance on the death penalty. The report is the result of NLU Delhi’s Project 39A, under the guidance of mental health professionals from NIMHANS, Bangalore. The study involved the interview of 88 death row prisoners and their families. Its findings can be summarised in two broad ways: First, what are the origins of the violent behaviours which led to the criminal acts and second, how might living on death row affect the mental health of the prisoner.

Adverse childhood experiences are the most important determinants of poor educational attainment, violent behaviours and mental health problems. This association has been demonstrated in diverse contexts and has a clearly defined biological mechanism. The lack of nurturing environments and the exposure to toxic stress, that is, when a child experiences intense, frequent or prolonged adversity such as emotional abuse or neglect, directly impacts the development of a healthy brain architecture which is most sensitive to environmental influences in the early years of life. These influences lead to a range of psychological difficulties in young adulthood, such as impulsivity and low frustration tolerance, which are precursors to violent behaviour and antisocial acts.

The second observation is, perhaps, less surprising: Two-thirds of the prisoners were diagnosed with a current episode of mental illness, in particular depression. About half were assessed to be at “risk” of suicide. Undoubtedly, this suffering is the direct consequence of living with the fear of an imminent, violent death. More shockingly, a significant number of prisoners had evidence of cognitive impairment, often due to head injuries. Nine of these individuals were found to have an intellectual disability. This implies that these individuals had deficits in mental functioning which are well-recognised for influencing the capabilities to make responsible decisions and observe social norms. Yet, in none of their cases was their disability brought to the attention of the courts.

Ultimately, the Deathworthy report provides a sobering, if not entirely unsurprising picture of the devastating disadvantages experienced by death row prisoners which may have played a critical role in mediating their violent acts and the mental health-related pain and suffering consequent to living on death row. (250 words)

    1. Is death penalty needed in India? Debate.
    2. How to prevent crimes by addressing emotional inadequacies of childhood?

Difficulty level: Moderate

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Case Study Fridays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Mention the provision of death penalty for ‘rarest of rare’ cases India

Body:

  1. First, mention the drawbacks associated with death penalty in India. Present logical arguments and examples to substantiate your points.

Next, write about the need for having death penalty in India. Present logical arguments and examples to substantiate your points.

    1. Write about various way to prevent crimes by addressing emotional inadequacies of childhood.

Conclusion:

Conclude by giving a fait and balanced opinion regarding death penalty in India.


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