[Mission 2023] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 16 June 2022 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: c)

International North South Transport Corridor:

• A ship, rail, and road route for moving freight between India, Russia, Iran, Europe and Central Asia
• It aims to provide the shortest multi-model transportation route linking the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea via Iran and St Petersburg.
• The objective of the corridor is to increase trade connectivity between major cities such as Mumbai, Moscow, Tehran, Baku, Bandar Abbas, Astrakhan.
• India wants Chabahar port to be included in the International North South Transport Corridor.

Solution: b)

Farzad-B Gas Field:

• It is located in the Persian Gulf (Iran) and the contract for exploration of the field was signed in 2002 by an Indian consortium comprising Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) Videsh, Indian Oil Corporation and Oil India.
• The contract expired in 2009 after declaration of commerciality of the field, based on the gas discovery.
• The major dispute between India and Iran was over setting up of two pipelines, and also over money to be quoted on the development plan.
• Around 75% of the deal was finalized by May 2018, when the USA unilaterally withdrew from the nuclear deal and announced sanctions on Iran.
• In January 2020, Iran clarified that it would develop the field on its own and would not like to involve India appropriately at a later stage.

Solution: c)

A patent represents a powerful intellectual property right, and is an exclusive monopoly granted by a government to an inventor for a limited, pre-specified time. Patents can be either process patents or product patents.

A product patent ensures that the rights to the final product is protected, and anyone other than the patent holder can be restrained from manufacturing it during a specified period, even if they were to use a different process.

A process patent enables any person other than the patent holder to manufacture the patented product by modifying certain processes in the manufacturing exercise.

India moved from product patenting to process patenting in the 1970s, which enabled India to become a significant producer of generic drugs at global scale. But due to obligations arising out of the TRIPS Agreement, India had to amend the Patents Act in 2005, and switch to a product patents regime across the pharma, chemicals, and biotech sectors.

Source

Solution: a)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

Though IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957 through its own international treaty, the IAEA Statute, the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.