[ad_1]
GS Paper 3:
Syllabus: Employment related issues.
Context:
The latest edition of the “World of Work” report was recently released by the International Labour Organization (ILO).
Highlights of the Report:
- 2 crore jobs might have lost between the last quarter of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022.
- Deterioration of the gender gap in work hours in the second quarter of 2020 in the lower-middle-income countries.
- Job loss in women: For every 100 women at work prior to the pandemic, 12.3 women would have lost their job as an average through the entire period considered by the report.
- Job loss in men: For every 100 men at work prior to the pandemic, 7.5 men would have lost their job as an average through the entire period considered by the report.
- A “great and growing divergence between richer and poorer economies” continues to characterise the recovery.
Reasons for the present trend:
Overall, the pandemic seems to have exacerbated the already substantial gender imbalances in employment participation in the country.
Other reasons include: Fresh lockdowns in China, the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, and the global rise in the prices of food and fuel.
India’s employment – important findings from the report:
Gender gap: There has been deterioration of the gender gap in work hours in the second quarter of 2020.
Most people are on contract without any social security.
What needs to be done?
Take a humane approach to address the situation.
The purchasing capacity of the workers should be improved.
Challenges ahead for India:
The Code on Wages was passed in 2019 but is not yet implemented.
The Wage Committee in 1948 asked the government to implement minimum wage, living wage and decent wage. This has been opposed by industries.
30%-60% of workers — five crore people — who lost jobs during the lockdown have not joined any work.
One-third of MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises) can never be revived according to a survey by the associations of MSMEs.
InstaLinks:
Prelims Link:
- About World Economic Forum.
- About the world of work report.
- About ILO and its reports.
Mains Link:
‘Unemployment has been found to be more prevalent in the educated and less so in the poor, unskilled and semi-skilled people’. Clarifying the statement, bring out the causes for the sharp decline in the jobs in India as per the latest data.
ATP- Ace the Prelims:
Q.4) Identify the institution based on the information given below:
- Established as an agency for the League of Nations following World War I.
- Established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
- It became the first specialised agency of the United Nations (UN) in the year 1946.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
-
- ILO.
- World Bank.
- WHO.
- None of the above.
Sources: the Hindu.
[ad_2]