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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
1. Why is the French revolution considered as a total revolution? Discuss the role played by the women in the French revolution. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the French revolution as total revolution and role women in it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly giving a brief about the French Revolution of 1789.
Body:
First, write about the factors that make the French revolution as the total revolution – its overall impact – political, social, economic and cultural etc.
Next, write about the role played by the Frenchwomen in the revolution.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about the overall impact of the revolution on the world history.
Topic: population and associated issues
2. Evaluate the trends in the declining Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in India. Why is lower fertility rate and higher education rate among women not translating into paid jobs for women? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Live Mint
Why the question:
The recently released National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) of 2019-2021 shows why. As per the survey, India’s total fertility rate now stands at 2. It was 3.2 at the turn of the century and 2.2 in 2015-2016, when the last such survey was done.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes of falling TFR and the challenges it poses. Also, to write about why despite low fertility and high education are not being translated into meaningful jobs.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly give context of India’s declining TFR.
Body:
First, write about the factors that have contributed to declining TFR are: Higher education, increased mobility, late marriage, financial independence among women and overall prosperity.
Next, possible challenges that the falling TFR may lead to. Write about its various aspects.
Next, write about why despite low fertility and more education still women are not taking up paid jobs – gender barriers, social barriers, skilling barriers etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to address the above issues.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
3. Elaborate on the various measures that can be taken in order to reduce the pendency of court cases in the country. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Chief Justice of India N. V. Ramana has once again called for measures to improve the judge-to-population ratio. At present, India has a sanctioned strength of 25,628 judges. This is when over 4.7 crore cases are pending in courts across the country.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes for pendency of cases in India, its impact and suggest measures to overcome.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Describe the current conditions with few vital statistics to substantiate the pendency of court cases in India.
Body:
First write the causes for it – The cumulative effect of persisting vacancies, strained budgets, inadequate infrastructure combined with the continuous inflow of cases inevitably impacts mounting pendency and the time taken for cases to resolve.
Next bring out the impact of it – faith in the justice system, under trial prisoners their due of justice, impact on Economic reforms and foreign investors, Judiciary becomes overworked and lose its efficiency.
Suggest measures to overcome the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to ensure speedy delivery of justice.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
4. Distinguish between demand pull and cost push inflation. Examine the factors that are causing inflation in India. What measures are needed to keep inflation under check? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The recent action of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to raise the repo rate by 40 basis points and cash reserve ratio (CRR) by 50 basis points is a recognition of the serious situation with respect to inflation in our country and the resolve to tackle inflation.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the differences between demand pull and cost push inflation and the factors causing inflation in India off late and measures needed to keep it under control.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining inflation.
Body:
First, in detail bring the comparison between demand pull and cost push inflation. Nature, factors causing it, effects etc.
Next, write about the reasons for increasing trends of inflation in India off late and its impact.
Next, suggest steps to overcome the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: basics of cyber security
5. While India’s Cyber Security Strategy is evolving, there is a need for certain elements in our overall approach to fighting cybercrime in India which should separate mild threats from the more serious ones which needs more emphasis. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live MInt
Why the question:
In 2013, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) was established under rules issued under the Information Technology Act, 2000, to serve as a “trusted referral agency” that users could turn to in the event of a cyber-attack. The role of CERT-In was to provide technical assistance in the event of a breach, and as such it had no mandate to assess the privacy implications of such breaches.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about India’s cyber security strategy and need for an overall strategy with more emphasis on severe threats and as well adequately addresses mild ones.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic highlighting India’s vulnerability to cybercrimes.
Body:
First, write about the India’s evolving cyber security strategy and its various components.
Next, write about the various types of cyberthreats of varying degree of vulnerability and the disadvantages associated with classifying them as one.
Next, write about measures required to counter the above in policy making and developing a strategy for various types of cybercrimes.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: challenges of corruption.
6. Fighting corruption is often seen as a crucial step towards building better public institutions and improving the quality-of-service delivery. Comment. (250 words)
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of fighting corruption.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving importance of having a corruptionless public service delivery.
Body:
Write about the importance of fighting corruption – creates jobs, achieves gender equality, and secures wider access to essential services such as healthcare and education etc. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning various ways to fight corruption in public service.
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
7. Empathy is a key skill for relationships, conflict management and conflict resolution across work cultures. Elaborate. (150 Words)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of empathy.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining empathy.
Body:
Briefly touch upon the concept of empathy and thereafter elaborate on how empathy is the most important component of being emotionally intelligent – ability to communicate, understanding others’ thoughts, views, and feelings, important aspect of EQ etc. Give examples to justify the same.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.
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