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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
1. Our ancient historical traditions span a wide variety, from the highly precise and factual, like the public epigraphs to literary representations of human history. Evaluate the importance of Rajatarangini as a source of information about early Kashmir. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Against the entrenched colonial bias that early Indians did not write history, this article seeks to understand Indic visions and methods of history in their own right.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the wide variety of ancient Indian historical sources and importance of Rajatarangini.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving a brief about India’s rich ancient corpus of historical traditions.
Body:
First, write about wide variety of ancient Indian historical sources – alcohological remains, epigraphs, numismatics, literary sources etc. Substantiate with examples.
Next, importance of Rajatarangini – evaluate its pros and cons as source of history.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
2. What are the various factors that affect the formation of Savanna type of climate? Examine the various threats to Savanna biomes. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the various factors favouring the formation of Savanna type of climate and threats to them.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give a brief about Tropical savannas or grasslands that they are associated with the tropical wet and dry climate type.
Body:
First, write about the factors conducive for Savanna type of climate – tropical regions 8° to 20° from the Equator, warm to hot, the dry season is associated with the low sun period etc.
Next, mention that the Savanna climate provides for a diverse vegetation such as grasslands, hardy weather proofed trees and diverse fauna and mention different Savanna regions such as East African, Llanos, Pampas etc and how they differently impact their ecology.
Next, mention the various threats such as water logging, fire, drought, grazing etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that in the present context of Climate change it is imperative to address the threats faced by the Savannas and ensure ecological balance.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
3. Section 124-A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) has been weaponised as a handy tool against political rivals, to suppress dissent and free speech. Critically examine its need in a modern-day democratic India. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Claiming that it is “fully cognizant of the various views” being expressed on sedition law, the Centre Monday told the Supreme Court that it “has decided to re-examine and re-consider the provisions of Section 124A (that deal with the offence)
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the concerns with sedition laws in the country and examine if they need to be scrapped in modern day.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives of Section 124-A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Body:
First, write about the historical context of Section 124-A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Next, write about the various aspects of the misuse of the law – police and related state authorities are using the sedition laws indiscriminately to create fear amongst the citizens and silence any criticisms or dissent against the regime.
Next, write about the present day need of the law.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced way forward regarding Section 124-A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
4. Strong bilateral ties between like-minded nations such as India and Australia will remain critical to shaping the Indo-Pacific security architecture. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Australia is investing over $280 million (Rs 1,500 crore) – towards new programmes and initiatives across technology, space, critical minerals, strategic research and people-to-people links to boost cooperation with India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the various facets of India-Australia relations especially with respect to space, critical minerals, strategic research, people-to-people links, security and stability of the Indo-Pacific.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of the context of the question.
Body:
First, write about the various aspects of growing trade between India and Australia – recently introduced Update to Australia’s India Economic Strategy, space, critical minerals, strategic research and people-to-people links to boost cooperation with India, business engagement and an increased Australian presence in India etc.
Next, write about security in the Indo-pacific – formation of AUKUS, QUAD and overall aspect of China.
Next, write about various bottlenecks in bilateral ties between both the nations.
Conclusion:
Suggest way forward and conclude.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints;
5. Agrarian reforms have been considered as important tools of socio-economic change in India. They constitute an important aspect of transforming and modernising Indian agriculture. Discuss. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
Unlike the situation of India in 1960s, India is self-sufficient in terms of foods availability and productivity, so a Green Revolution 2.0 shall not only focus on eliminating underemployment, but also aim to work for better economic results
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the challenges in Indian agriculture and reforms that are needed overcome them.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving a brief about role of agriculture in Indian economy. Cite statistics to substantiate.
Body:
First, write about the challenges which hinder growth and productivity in the agricultural sector – Instability, Cropping Pattern, Land Ownership, Sub-Division and Fragmentation of Holdings, Land Tenure, Conditions of Agricultural Labourers and lack of mechanisation etc. Cite examples and statistics to substantiate.
Next, write about the various short term and long-term measures that are needed to overcome the above challenges.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
6. Developing appropriate coping strategies and risk reduction plans, along with greater public awareness, is the high priority agenda for cyclone management in India. Discuss. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
With severe cyclonic storm Asani packing gale-force winds up to 120 kmph and moving towards the east coast bringing along heavy rain, the Odisha government on Monday planned evacuation of people residing in four coastal districts.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of heat waves and the need for accounting impact of heatwaves in long term policy making.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving vulnerability of India to cyclones.
Body:
First, elaborate upon the vulnerability with statistics – economic costs and human costs as a result of devastation caused by the severe cyclones, livelihood etc.
Next, write about measures required to counter the above in longer term policy making – installing a disaster warning system in the coastal districts, and construction of evacuation shelters in cyclone-prone districts etc. Mention long term measures – Embankments that are resilient to storm surges, improved prevention of flooding from swollen rivers and coastal mangrove habitats regeneration etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance
7. Common good which is embodied in law, is authorized by popular consent. Debate. (150 Words)
Difficulty Level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about common good which is part of the law whether or not it has a popular consent.
Directive word:
Debate – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining common good.
Body:
Write about instances where in common good is established in the law of the country. Cite examples. Mention whether of not the process of common getting enshrined in law has the popular consent. Debate on both sides of the argument with examples.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.
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