DAY – 41 (InstaTest-41): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – MODERN INDIA, Subject-wise Tests 3,4,19 , Text Book Based Test 25 , April 2022 CA – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: B

The decline of the imperial Mughals forced talented people to seek the patronage of newly established state courts like Hyderabad, Lucknow, Jaipur, Murshidabad, Patna, Kashmir, etc.

At Lucknow, Asaf-ud-Daula built the bada Imambara in 1784.

In the first half of the 18th century, Sawai Jai Singh built the pink city of Jaipur and five astronomical observatives at Delhi, Jaipur, Benares, Mathura and Ujjain. He also prepared a set of time-tables called Jij Muhammad-shahi, to help the people in the study of astronomy.

In the south, in Kerala, the Padmanabhapuram Palace, famous for its architecture and mural paintings, was constructed.

Solution: C

A strong anti-British sentiment resulted in attacks by the local Surat population on the Europeans in 1844 over the issue of the government’s step to raise the salt duty from 50 paise to one rupee. Faced with a popular movement, the government withdrew the additional salt levy. Again in 1848, the government was forced to withdraw its measure to introduce Bengal Standard Weights and Measures in face of people’s determined bid to resort to boycott and passive resistance.

Solution: D

Forms of Drain

According to Dadabhai Naoroji, the following forms of drain can be identified:

• Remittances to England by Europeans for the support of families and education of children—a feature of the colonial system of government.
• Remittances of savings by employees of the Company, since most employees preferred to invest at home.
• Remittances for purchase of British goods for the consumption of British employees as well as purchases by them of British goods in India.
• Government purchase of stores manufactured in Britain.
• Interest charges on public debt held in Britain (excluding interest payments on railway loans and debts incurred for productive works).

In addition, the government of India had to make huge payments to people in England on account of political, administrative and commercial connections established between India and England. These commitments were called ‘Home Charges’. They included:

• Interest on public debt raised in England at comparatively higher rates;
• Annuities on account of railway and irrigation works;
• Payments in connection with civil departments where Englishmen were employed;
• India Office expenses including pensions to retired officials who had worked in India or who had worked for India in England and retired there, pensions to army and naval personnel, and their furlough allowances.

Solution: C

Solution: C

The Wahabi Movement was essentially an Islamic revivalist movement founded by Syed Ahmed of Rai Bareilly who was inspired by the teachings of Abdul Wahab (1703-87) of Saudi Arabia and Shah Waliullahof Delhi.

Syed Ahmed condemned the western influence on Islam and advocated a return to pure Islam and society as it was in the Arabia of the Prophet’s time.

Syed Ahmed was acclaimed as the desired leader (Imam). A countrywide organisation with an elaborate secret code for its working under spiritual vice-regents (Khalifas) was set up, and Sithana in the north-western tribal belt was chosen as a base for operations. In India, its important centre was at Patna though it had its missions in Hyderabad, Madras, Bengal, United Provinces and Bombay. Since Dar-ul-Harb (territory of War or Chaos) was to be converted into Darul-Islam (the land of Islam), a jihad was declared against the Sikh kingdom of Punjab. After the defeat of the Sikh ruler and incorporation of Punjab into the East India Company’s dominion in 1849, the English dominion in India became the sole target of the Wahabis’ attacks. The Wahabis played an important role in spreading anti- British sentiments.

Solution: B

Aboliltion of Sati

In 1803 Wellesley proposed to abolish it, but failed.

In 1829, sati was declared illegal by Bentinck.

Emancipation of Women

• Indian pressures to raise minimum marrige age, and to permit remarriage of Hindu widows.
• Government was persuaded by Vidyasagar to pass Hindu Widows Remarriage Act of 1856.
• Age of Consent Act (1891) by Lansdowne fixing 12 yrs for girls as consummation age & Child Marriage Restraint or Sharda Act (1929) by Irwin fixing marriageable age as 14 yrs for girls.

Solution: A

The Hindu and Swadesamitran under the editorship of G. Subramaniya Iyer, Kesari and Mahratta under Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bengalee under Surendranath Banerjea, Amrita Bazaar Patrika under Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh, Sudharak under Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian Mirror under N.N. Sen, Voice of India under Dadabhai Naoroji, Hindustan and Advocate under G.P. Varma. The Tribune and Akhbar-i-Am in Punjab, Indu Prakash, Dnyan Prakash, Kal and Gujarati in Bombay, and Som Prakash Banganivasi and Sadharani in Bengal were other noted newspapers of the time. Indian nationalists and revolutionaries living abroad published newspapers and journals—Indian Sociologist (London, Shyamji Krishnavarma), Bande Matram (Paris, Madam Cama), Talwar (Berlin, Virendranath Chattopadhyay), and Ghadar (San Francisco, Lala Hardayal)— to infuse a feeling of nationalism among Indians living abroad.

Solution: C

Lord Cornwallis’ most conspicuous administrative measure was the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal, which was extended to the provinces of Bihar and Orissa. It is appropriate to recall that Warren Hastings introduced the annual lease system of auctioning the land to the highest bidder. It created chaos in the revenue administration.

Cornwallis at the time of his appointment was instructed by the Directors to find a satisfactory and permanent solution to the problems of the land revenue system in order to protect the interests of both the Company and the cultivators. It obliged the Governor-General to make a thorough enquiry into the usages, tenures and rents prevalent in Bengal. The whole problem occupied Lord Cornwallis for over three years and after a prolonged discussion with his colleagues like Sir John Shore and James Grant, he decided to abolish the annual lease system and introduce a decennial (Ten years) settlement which was subsequently declared to be continuous. The main features of the Permanent Settlement were as follows:

(i) The zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly.

(ii) The amount of revenue that the zamindars had to pay to the Company was firmly fixed and would not be raised under any circumstances. In other words, the Government of the East India Company got 89% leaving the rest to the zamindars.

(iii) The ryots became tenants since they were considered the tillers of the soil.

(iv) This settlement took away the administrative and judicial functions of the zamindars.

Solution: A

The suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement led to a split within Congress in the Gaya session of the Congress in December 1922. Leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittranjan Das formed a separate group within the Congress known as the Swaraj Party on 1 January 1923. The Swarajists wanted to contest the council elections and wreck the government from within. Elections to Legislative Councils were held in November 1923. In this, the Swaraj Party gained impressive successes. In the Central Legislative Council Motilal Nehru became the leader of the party whereas in Bengal the party was headed by C.R. Das.

The Swaraj Party did several significant things in the Legislative Council. It demanded the setting up of responsible government in India with the necessary changes in the Government of India Act of 1919. The party could pass important resolutions against the repressive laws of the government.

When a Committee chaired by the Home Member, Alexander Muddiman considered the system of Dyarchy as proper, a resolution was passed against it in the Central Legislative Council. After the passing away of C.R. Das in June 1925, the Swarj Party started weakening.

Solution: D

During the course of the Second World War, armed revolutionary activities continued to take place. The role of Subhas Chandra Bose towards such activities is incomparable. On 2 July 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose reached Singapore and gave the rousing war cry of ‘Dilli Chalo’. He was made the President of Indian Independence League and soon became the supreme commander of the Indian National Army. He gave the country the slogan of Jai Hind. The names of the INA’s three Brigades were the Subhas Brigade, Gandhi Brigade and Nehru Brigade. The women’s wing of the army was named after Rani Laxmibai.

The Indian National Army marched towards Imphal after registering its victory over Kohima. After Japan’s surrender in 1945, the INA failed in its efforts. Under such circumstances, Subhas went to Taiwan. Then on his way to Tokyo he died on 18 August 1945 in a plane crash.

The trial of the soldiers of INA was held at Red Fort in Delhi. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai and Tej Bahadur Sapru fought the case on behalf of the soldiers.

Solution: D

The Hindu and Muslim elementary schools were called pathshalas and maktabs respectively. The education was confined to reading, writing, and arithmetic. Children from the lower caste sometimes attended the schools, but female presence was rare.

Chatuspathis or Tols, as they were called in Bihar and Bengal, were the centres of higher education.

Some of the famous centres for Sanskrit education were Kasi (Varanasi), Tirhut (Mithila), Nadia and Utkala. Madrasahs were the institutions of higher learning for Persian and Arabic, Persian being the court language and learnt by the Muslims as well as the Hindus. Azimabad (Patna) was a famous centre for Persian education. People interested in the study of the Quran and Muslim theology had to acquire proficiency in Arabic

Solution: A

The Deccan Riots of 1875 led to the legislation of a series of acts regarding this problem and opening of credit banks. The Land Improvements Act (1883), the Agriculturists’ Loan Act (1884), the Deccan Agriculturists’ Relief Act (1879) and Punjab Land Alienation Act (1902) were some of the acts passed to protect the debtor from the moneylender and ensure government loans to the peasant. In the 20^th century, quite a number of acts were passed in the legislature on agricultural indebtedness, like Redemption of the Mortgage Act, 1935; Usurious Loans Act, 1935; Assam Moneylenders Act, 1934; Punjab Debtors’ Protection Act, 1936; U.P. Agriculturists’ Relief Act, 1934; and U.P. Usurious Loans Amendment Act (which assured that the rate of interest on secured loans should not exceed 7%) etc.

These acts, which were passed in the wake of rural unrest, however, were not fool-proof and had several loopholes, allowing the usurer to continue his ruthless exploitation.

Solution: D

Bengal School

The first notable movement in modern Indian painting was initiated by the well-known ‘Bengal School’ of Abanindranath Tagore.

The body of work generated by him and others – Gaganendranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Benodebehari Mookherjee, Mukul Dey and Asit Haldar – had an enduring impact on the Indian art scene.

With its centers in Calcutta and Shantiniketan, this movement exerted a huge influence on the art schools of the subcontinent.

Triggered by nationalism and the search for an Indian identity, the Bengal School tried to revive India’s traditional art within a nationalistic format. Yet to dismiss its artists as mere ‘revivalists’, and its art as wishy washy overly sentimental ‘romantic naturalism’ would be doing injustice to their real contribution to ‘modernism’ in Indian art. Its greatest exponents did not believe in art ‘manners’ or conformity to any system—traditional or foreign. They stressed personal search and sensitivity to the impulses of a living environment.

Each, searched and experimented with different expressive modalities – Persian, Japanese, Chinese and, in the case of Gaganendranath even Cubism – to find their appropriate form of expression. And for content they delved into personal mysticism, mythology, the romantic past, and occasionally in Gaganendranath even light social satire. Less mature disciples did stray into ‘mannerism’, but those who got teaching positions in government art colleges, were able to influence the future generations.

Solution: A

The Faraizis were the followers of a Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariat-Allah of Faridpur in Eastern Bengal.

The movement, also called the Fara’idi Movement because of its emphasis on the Islamic pillars of faith, was founded by Haji Shariatullah in 1818.

Its scene of action was East Bengal, and it aimed at the eradication of social innovations or un-Islamic practices current among the Muslims of the region and draw their attention to their duties as Muslims.

Under the leadership of Haji’s son, Dudu Mian, the movement became revolutionary from 1840 onwards. He gave the movement an organisational system from the village to the provincial level with a khalifa or authorised deputy at every level.

The Fara’idis organised a paramilitary force armed with clubs to fight the zamindars who were mostly Hindu, though there were some Muslim landlords too, besides the indigo planters. Dudu Mian asked his followers not to pay rent. The organisation even established its own Law courts.

Dudu Mian was arrested several times, and his arrest in 1847 finally weakened the movement. The movement survived merely as a religious movement without political overtones after the death of Dudu Mian in 1862.

Solution: C

Solution: D

Solution:

• At present, there are over 900 TV channels that are required to comply with the Programme and Advertising Code laid down by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting under the Cable Television Network Rules.
• The Cable Television Networks (Amendment) Rules, 2021 provides for a three-level grievance redressal mechanism — self-regulation by broadcasters, self-regulation by the self-regulating bodies of the broadcasters, and oversight by an Inter-Departmental Committee at the level of the Union government.

Solution: C

Solution:

• Bailable offences are considered less serious in nature.
• Whereas, Non- Bailable offences are considered more serious / heinous in nature.
• In Bailable Offences, bail can be claimed as of right and is granted as a matter of course by the police officer or by court. Its provision can be traced u/s 436 of CrPC.
• In Non-Bailable offences, bail cannot be claimed as right and court or the police officer has discretion to grant bail after considering facts and circumstances of each case. Provision for Non- Bailable offence is given u/s 437 of CrPC.
• Cognizable offences are those in which the police can arrest without any warrant. These are more serious in nature. Non-cognizable offences on the other hand are those for which a police officer has no authority to arrest, unless with a warrant.

Solution: A

Solution :

• India is a member & its HQ in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a Specialised agency of the UN, responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology etc.It also collaborates with nongovernmental partners and other international organizations on matters related to environmental protection, climate change, resource management, and socioeconomic development.

Solution : C

Solution :

• “Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions” was published by the United Nations Environment Programme in association with the Climate and Clean Air Coalition. Key findings of the report
• Increasing Concentration of Methane: Methane’s atmospheric concentration has more than doubled since pre-industrial times.
• Second only to carbon dioxide in driving climate change.
• Methane in the atmosphere reached record levels last year even though CO2 levels dropped during the pandemic.

Solution: A

• NaBFID is a Development Financial Institution (DFI) to support the development of long-term non-recourse infrastructure financing.
• Shareholding of NaBFID: NaBFID will be set up as a corporate body with authorised share capital of 1 lakh crore rupees held by central government, multilateral institutions, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, insurers, financial institutions, etc.

Solution : B

Solution : Green Ammonia is a chemical which is used mainly in the manufacture of nitrogenous fertilizers, like urea and ammonium nitrate, Its production is where the process of making ammonia is 100% renewable and carbon-free.  One way of making green ammonia is by using hydrogen from water electrolysis and nitrogen separated from the air. 

Solution : C 

Solution : Miyawaki Technique  Invented by and named after Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, the ‗Miyawaki Method‘ is a unique technique to grow forests. Under this dozens of native species are planted in the same area, close to each other,It requires very little space (a minimum of 20 square feet), plants grow ten times faster, and the forest becomes maintenance-free in three years.

Solution : A

Solution : Nurdles are tiny plastic pellets [size of a lentil] that form the raw materials of most of today‟s plastic products and are made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and other plastics.

Solution : D

Solution: Positive radiative forcing means Earth receives more incoming energy from sunlight than it radiates to space. This net gain of energy will cause warming.  Conversely, negative radiative forcing means that Earth loses more energy to space than it receives from the sun, which produces cooling.r

Solution : C

Solution UNICEF in collaboration with Fridays for Future launched a report named ―The Climate Crisis Is a Child Rights Crisis: Children’s Climate Risk Index  It is a composite index that ranks nations based on children‘s exposure to climate shocks. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and India are among four South Asian countries where children are at extremely high risk of the impacts of the climate crisis, with a ranking of 14th, 15th, 25th and 26th respectively

Ans- A

Initially, the Amount of sugar in Q = 36kg

Now, 24kg of salt is poured in Q,

Total quantity in Q becomes = 36kg (sugar) + 24kg (salt) = 60kg (mixture)

The ratio of salt to sugar in Q becomes = 24: 36 = 2: 3

Again, 20kg of the mixture is taken out from Q and poured into P

Therefore, quantity of salt and sugar in P becomes

= (56 – 24) + 20 * (2/5) kg of salt + 20 * (3/5) kg of sugar

= (32 + 8) kg of salt + 12 kg of sugar

= 40 kg of salt + 12 kg of sugar

Required ratio = (40/12) = (10/3)

Ans- C

Oil in vessel A = 5/8 * 480 = 300 liters

Water in vessel A = 3/8 * 480 = 180 liters

(300 – 5x)/(180 – 4x) = 2/1

360 – 8x = 300 – 5x

3x = 60

x = 20

Quantity of vessel C = 7 * 20 + 60 = 200 liters

Water in C = 2/5 * 200 = 80 liters

Ans-B

(4x + 12 – 30) / (5x + 8 – 26) = 1/2

5x – 18 = 8x – 36

3x = 18

x = 6 Initial number of boys = 4 * 6 = 24

Ans- B

Radius of the circular plot = 14 m

Area of the circular path = 3080/4 = 770

Area of the path = π(r + x)2 – πr2 (Here x is the width of the path)

= > (22/7) [(14+x)2 – 142]

= > (22/7) [196 + 28x + x2 – 196]

= > (22/7) [28x + x2]

(22/7) [28x + x2] = 770

28x + x2 = 770*(7/22)

28x + x2 = 245

X2 + 28x – 245 = 0

(x+35) (x – 7) =0

X = 7 meter

Ans-(a) The scientists, government officials and politician need to make a combined effort so that forest epidemic can be needed out.  These diseases are really deadly and their impact on the forest should be taken seriously.