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General Studies – 2
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
1. Discuss the Geo-Strategic importance of Maldives to India. (250 words)
Reference: thediplomat.com
Why the question:
Maldives holds strategic importance for India under the government’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy due to its location in the Indian Ocean. Thus the question.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the Geo-Strategic importance of Maldives to India.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of India and Maldives relations.
Body:
First explain that while India-Maldives relations have always been close, cordial and multi-dimensional, recent regime instability in the Maldives has posed some limitations, especially in the political & strategic arena. Therefore, the main challenge to India’s diplomacy is balancing out all these contradictions into harmonious relations.
Expound on Geo-Strategic importance of Maldives to India.
Conclusion:
Conclude that in accordance with the “Neighbourhood First” policy of the government, India remains a committed development partner for a stable, prosperous and peaceful Maldives.
Topic: Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article brings to us the issues and concerns around Aadhaar and its architectural flaws.
Key Demand of the question:
Critically analyse in what way despite large scale usage, the Aadhaar system still has some inherent disadvantages in the country.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with a brief on Aadhaar system.
Body:
Discuss the concerns associated with Aadhaar system such as – The problem is that the only record many people have of their Aadhaar number is their Aadhaar card. If they lose the card, then they might not be able to retrieve their Aadhaar number. The UIDAI website gave clear instructions on how to retrieve a lost Aadhaar number, but only for those who have a registered mobile or email address in the Aadhaar database.
Explain other concerns associated with it.
Suggest what can be done.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
3. Explain the main reasons behind increasing vaccine nationalism across the world. (250 words)
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
This article depicts the main reasons behind increasing vaccine nationalism.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the main reasons behind increasing vaccine nationalism across the world.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the definition of what vaccine nationalism is.
Body:
Explain how the current world order operates under the principle of national sovereignty and national interest, as witnessed by emerging vaccine nationalism during the pandemic. Nonetheless, a better world can be created if the international order is redesigned around the concept of humanity.
Then discuss why vaccine nationalism is being practiced by countries with main focus on national interest.
Suggest what needs to be done.
Conclusion:
Conclude that the countries must work with each other in a humane manner. This involves cooperation built on trust, compassion, friendship, and conversation that can create a more equitable world.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
4. Examine the impact of Covid on MSMEs. Suggest ways to revive the MSME sector. (250 words)
Reference: Deccan Herald
Why the question:
The article explains in what way the covid-19 has impacted the MSMEs.
Key Demand of the question:
Examine the impact of Covid on MSMEs. Suggest ways to revive the MSME sector.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Two consecutive COVID-19 pandemic waves have ravaged all the sectors, but it is the micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that have borne the brunt of the coronavirus.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
One can first define what MSMEs are.
Then explain how Covid-19 impacted the MSME sector? – Disproportionate Impact, Reduced operating Capacity, Supply/Demand Fluctuations, Credit Vulnerabilities etc.
Discuss the actions taken by the government to protect MSMEs.
Suggest steps needed for Resilient MSME Sector.
Conclusion:
Conclude that in a way, covid-19 is a watershed moment that may lend itself to accelerated business transition for India’s vast MSME sector. While this is no silver lining, the reality of the situation has forced businesses to look at any means necessary to adapt to grow.
Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article brings to us deeper insights from Chhattisgarh in the context of the Salwa Judum judgment.
Key Demand of the question:
Critically analyse in what way the tribals are still facing many hardships owing to human rights violation by the security forces.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of the question.
Body:
The Supreme Court (SC) delivered a historic judgment on 5th July 2011 in Nandini Sundar and others versus the State of Chhattisgarh case.
The judgment was aimed to curb the misuse of power by the government and protect tribal rights.
Explain that the Salwa Judum judgment was delivered 10 years ago, but it has not been effectively implemented by the government. The tribals are still facing many hardships and there has been no prosecution of security forces for human rights violations.
Discuss the details of the judgment and its impact.
Discuss the impact of it on the tribal pockets, give the case study of Chhattisgarh.
Conclusion:
Conclude with suggestions.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications
Why the question:
The question is premised on the theme of moral responsibility with respect to obeying and disobeying laws.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the statement in detail and discuss the importance of moral responsibility in disobeying unjust laws.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly highlight your understanding of the statement in question.
Body:
Explain that in a democracy, a law not only has the statutory sanction but also reflects the will of the people. Obedience to the law of the land is also a moral obligation for maintaining social and political order in the interest of common good. Socrates when condemned to death did not flee the city. According to him, it would have been violation of law amounting to mistreatment or disrespect of his fellow citizens.
Discuss its importance in the current context.
Give examples such as – Criminalizing Homosexuality, Adultery and sexual harassment etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by suggesting way ahead.
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of Family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications m
Why the question:
Discuss if war can ever be justified on moral grounds.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to explain if a war ever be justified on moral grounds? Support your answer with suitable arguments.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the context of the question.
Body:
Introduce by mentioning the concept of modern day war/warfare and the costs of war.
War is an armed conflict between two or more states or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents and militias, characterized by intense violence and loss of life and property. Several moral philosophers have tried to evaluate the morality of war and test it on the parameters of justness.
Present the arguments given to justify a war on moral grounds and highlight the aspects of a just war.
A just war may be permissible because it’s a lesser evil, but it’s still an evil. It must be assessed not only on the basis of its justifiability but also is costs – human, physical and economic. A war, even if just, has to be a measure of last resort. A war – irrespective of reasoning or manner of conduct – must be waged only after exhausting all other alternatives of dispute settlement.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a contrasting view that violence in any form can never be justified on the moral grounds.
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