[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 28 March 2022 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: d)

Part XVII of the Constitution deals with the official language in Articles 343 to 351. Its provisions are divided into four heads—

• Language of the Union, 
• Regional languages, 
• Language of the judiciary and texts of laws and
• Special directives.

Solution: a)

Decisions taken under Chapter VII, such as economic sanctions or other sections like international security, are binding on UN members; the Security Council is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions. The UNGA can only make recommendations in this regard.  

Decisions that are vetoed by the P-5 cannot be submitted for the review of the UNGA. Also, the UNSC is the authority under the UN charter to take action in situations threatening international peace and security.

Solution: d)

The Constitution of India lays down a functional separation of the organs of the State in the following manner:

• Article 50: State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive. This is for the purpose of ensuring the independence of judiciary.
• Article 122 and 212: validity of proceedings in Parliament and the Legislatures cannot be called into question in any Court. This ensures the separation and immunity of the legislatures from judicial intervention on the allegation of procedural irregularity.
• Judicial conduct of a judge of the Supreme Court and the High Courts’ cannot be discussed in the Parliament and the State Legislature, according to Article 121 and 211 of the Constitution.
• Articles 53 and 154 respectively, provide that the executive power of the Union and the State shall be vested with the President and the Governor and they enjoy immunity from civil and criminal liability.

Article 361: the President or the Governor shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office.

Solution: c)

Market Stabilisation Scheme (MSS): This instrument for monetary management was introduced in 2004. Surplus liquidity of a more enduring nature arising from large capital inflows is absorbed through sale of short-dated government securities and treasury bills. The cash so mobilised is held in a separate government account with the Reserve Bank.

Open Market Operations (OMOs): These include both, outright purchase and sale of government securities, for injection and absorption of durable liquidity, respectively.

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF): A facility under which scheduled commercial banks can borrow additional amount of overnight money from the Reserve Bank by dipping into their Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) portfolio up to a limit at a penal rate of interest. This provides a safety valve against unanticipated liquidity shocks to the banking system.

Solution: b)

In India, the PIL is a product of the judicial activism role of the Supreme Court. It was introduced in the early 1980s. Before 1980s the judiciary entertained litigation only from parties affected directly or indirectly by the defendant. 

A Public Interest Litigation can be filed before the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution or before the High Court of a State under Article 226 of the Constitution under their respective Writ Jurisdictions. It is the court’s privilege to entertain the application for the PIL.