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NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: NCERT
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
Write about various conditions prevailing during Indus Valley Civilization which led to its growth in Indian Subcontinent.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Provide basic details regarding IVC in a brief manner.
Body:
Highlight the various conditions that made IVC grow and flourish in the region.
1st mention about conditions which aided in its growth. E.g. Geographical factors, social, economic, etc.
Try to substantiate your points with examples.
Briefly, mention theories on how these factors might be responsible for the decline of IVC in later phases.
Conclusion:
Conclude with relevant closing statement by giving its present relevance.
Introduction
The Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in 1920–22 when two of its most important sites were excavated. These were Harappa on the banks of the river Ravi and Mohenjodaro on the banks of the Indus. It flourished around 2,500 BC, in the western part of South Asia, in contemporary Pakistan and Western India.
Body
The Indus Valley Civilisation flourished in the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, in the region around north Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, and more prominently in the areas around the Indus river in Pakistan, for about 1,500 years between 3000 and 1500 BC. Its most glorious phase was the 600-700 years between 2600 and 1900 BC, which saw the emergence of some of the most modern and mature townships of that era, like Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and Rakhigarhi.
The various conditions that made it possible for the Indus Valley Civilization to grow and flourish in the Indian subcontinent are
- The Harappan civilization did not appear all of a sudden. It developed gradually from earlier Neolithic village cultures.
- There are plenty of geological and climatic studies that point to good rainfall patterns in that area in those times.
- It is believed that the better technology to exploit the fertile plains of river Indus might have resulted in increased agricultural production.
- The highly cultured Harappans understood cereal-growing skills, and wheat and barley were their primary diet.
- This led to the production of larger surplus to feed and maintain non-agricultural people such as artisans, administrators, etc.
- It also helped in the promotion of exchange or trading contacts with distant regions.
- It brought prosperity to the Harappan people and they were able to set up cities.
- The Indus Valley civilization was essentially an urban civilization, and people lived in well-planned and well-built cities, which were also centres of commerce.
- Mohenjodaro and Harappa’s remains indicate great commercial cities-perfectly planned, carefully constructed, and well cared about. They had large roadways and well-developed drainage. The homes featured baked bricks and two or more stories.
- The ancient Indus systems of sewage and drainage developed and used in cities throughout the Indus region were far more advanced than any found in contemporary urban sites in the Middle East and even more efficient than those in many areas of Pakistan and India today.
- It is widely believed that the Harappan civilization was a peaceful one that did not engage in any warfare, but there is not conclusive evidence to support this belief, and some archaeologists consider it a pervasive myth.
- Harappans demonstrated advanced architecture with dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls. These massive walls likely protected the Harappans from floods and may have deterred military conflicts.
Conclusion
The decline and disintegration of the Indus Valley Civilisation are attributed to several reasons — climatic, tectonic, and even social. There are varying degrees of evidence to support these.
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: NCERT
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
Write about various discoveries of Harappan Civilization and how they helped us to understand its economy.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
A brief about the Harappan Civilisation and its flourishing economy.
Body:
Enumerate various discoveries made and objects found and how they reflect different dimensions of the economy. E.g.
Standardized bricks and weights and measure: Shows prevalence of centralized regulatory apparatus
Town Planning: Shows importance given to planning in Harappan economy
Ports at Lothal: Shows the vibrant trade and commerce
Circular seals of Mesopotamia: Show its economy was connected with other civilization
Conclusion:
Conclude with the present relevance of the Harappan Economy.
Introduction
Harappan civilization forms an important landmark in the prehistory of the Indian subcontinent. The Indus civilization takes its place with its contemporaries in Mesopotamia and Egypt as the earliest civilizations in the Near East/South Asia. The civilization offers an excellent example to the modern world in various ways. Their expertise in town planning, water management and harvesting systems as well as drainage mechanism is unparalleled.
Body
Discoveries help in understanding the economy of Harappan civilization
Trade
- The importance of trade in the life of the Indus people is witnessed by the presence of numerous seals, uniform script and regulated weights and measures in a wide area.
- The Harappans carried on considerable trade in stone, metal, shell, etc.
- Metal money was not used and trade was carried by barter system.
- They practised navigation on the coast of the Arabian Sea.
- They had set up a trading colony in northern Afghanistan which evidently facilitated trade with Central Asia.
- They also carried commerce with those in the land of the Tigris and the Euphrates.
- The Harappans carried on long distance trade in lapis lazuli; which may have contributed to the social prestige of the ruling class.
Agriculture
- Most Harappan sites are located in semi-arid lands, where irrigation was probably required for agriculture.
- Traces of canals have been found at the Harappan site of Shortughai in Afghanistan, but not in Punjab or Sindh.
- Although the Harappans practised agriculture, animals were also reared on a large scale.
- Representations on seals and terracotta sculpture indicate that the bull was known, and archaeologists extrapolate shows oxen were also used for ploughing.
Industry
- A large number of terracotta articles show that it was used by common people.
- Also, Harappans were good at metallurgy and producing alloys.
- There was specialization of tasks-Goldsmiths, bronze-smiths, brick-makers
- More copperartifacts don’t mean technological backwardness but it was their cultural preference in all likelihood.
Pottery
- The Harappans used Red and Black pottery (Redware painted with black designs) and also knew the use of Potter’s wheel with ease.
- It shows the expertise of Harappans in pottery making e.g. Glazed pottery (Harappa), incised pottery, perforated pottery, etc.
Conclusion
Thus, the artefacts discovered reveals how the people in Indus valley civilization lived and carried out their economy. The Indus people were a civilization that was built on the practice of trade with other civilizations of the day. Apart from trade and industry, agriculture was the main occupation of the Indus people.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: The Indian Express
Why the question:
The proposed amendment to the Cadre rules are in news
Key Demand of the question:
Whether the proposed changes to cadre rules, would affect the centre-state relations of Government in India
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the topic and form an overall opinion thereupon
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Brief on the proposed changes, act, rules if any.
Body:
First, mention the purpose of the amendment
Then, show how the proposed rules would disturb the balance of power between the central and state Governments
Conclusion:
A relevant way forward
Introduction
India is a quasi-federation, with its executive organised between the Centre and the states. Both the Centre and the states exercise full control over their services independently of each other. However, to preserve unity between them, Sardar Patel envisioned the creation of the All-India Services. Unlike a central service or state service, an All-India Service is compositely administered under Article 312.
While recruitment and allotment to a cadre (state) are determined by the Centre, the states determine the work and posting. Hence, All-India Services are carefully balanced between the Centre and the states.
Body
Background
- A unique feature of All India Services, ie Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service, created under the AIS Act, 1951, is that the members of these service are recruited by the Central Government and are placed under various State Cadres.
- It is incumbent upon the members of service to serve both under the State and the Centre.
- To ensure service of IAS officers at the Centre, suitable provisions have been made under the IAS (Cadre) Rules, 1954.
- The Indian Administrative Service regulations provide for Central Deputation Reserve (CDR) not exceeding 40 per cent of the Sanctioned Duty Posts (SDP) of a cadre/joint cadre.
- The Central Deputation quota fixes the share of the Government of India out of the State cadre.
Changes proposed by the Centre
New Insertions are as follows
- If the State government delays posting a State cadre officer to the Centre and does not give effect to the Central government’s decision within the specified time, the officer shall stand relieved from cadre from the date as may be specified by the Central government.
- The Centre will decide the actual number of officers to be deputed to the Central government in consultation with the State and the latter should make eligible the names of such officers.
- In case of any disagreement between the Centre and the State, the matter shall be decided by the Central government and the State shall give effect to the decision of the Centre.
- In specific situations where services of cadre officers are required by the Central government in “public interest,” the State shall give effect to its decisions within a specified time.
Issues with changes disturbing Centre-State balance
- At the outset, stripping away the consent of the state government is a move towards greater centralisation in the IAS, bringing it functionally closer to a central service.
- This has the potential to disrupt the delicate balance between the Centre and states and the sui generis character of the IAS as a composite service, and render Article 312 as a dead letter law.
- It is against the spirit of cooperative federalism as the proposed amendment would weaken the State’s political control over the bureaucracy.
- It would hobble effective governance and create avoidable legal and administrative disputes.
- The Centre could weaponize the bureaucracy against an elected State government.
- There is a feeling that the insertions in the Rules are unilateral as it makes it mandatory on the States to necessarily nominate officers for Central deputation, but whether to take the officer or not is left to the Centre.
- Also, in case of a disagreement, the upper hand is with the Centre, thus distorting the federal structure.
Way forward and Conclusion
- Any proposed changes must have consent of the states unanimously. In this case, as both State and Centre control the postings of officers, there must be acceptance of the decision from the States as well.
- Moreover, the inherent problem of shortage of officers must be addressed.
- Centre can explore Lateral Entry for Central Deputation as well, like it has been doing in the recent times.
Topic : Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Reference: Indian Express
Why this question:
The article discusses the great power rivalry between the US and China-Russia nexus, and its implications for India.
Key demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the present scenario; explain in detail the rising tensions between US and China. Highlight the possible challenges and opportunities that the context throws at India.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyze, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Introduce by explaining the reason behind great power rivalry e.g. Trade War, Arms race. Why it has been called ‘new cold war’.
Body:
Substantiate with examples various dimensions of this rivalry and players involved e.g. current Ukraine issue and the tussle between China-Russia and US and its EU allies.
List the opportunity that this tussle creates for India and well as challenges that India needs to overcome to secure its interest in present geo-politics. Give examples for each.
Conclusion:
Conclude that US-China rising tensions could help India achieve its economic and strategic interests that are crucial to the growth of the country.
Introduction
If the progress of the Sino-Russian united front has been spectacular, it has been as the rebuilding and expansion of US alliances have been particularly exciting. It will get harder to stand in the middle as both sides strengthen their global alliances. India’s abstention from the United Nations Security Council last week on the issue of debating Ukraine is an indicator that its standing in the resurgent bloc politics is shrinking.
Body
Great power politics and rivalry
- Both Russia and China want to leverage the united front to secure better terms from America.
- Washington, on the other hand, wants to probe the boundaries between Moscow and Beijing.
- Last year, Biden’s contact with Putin was on the ground that if there was a mutually beneficial relationship with Russia in Europe, the US could better focus on the challenges faced by China in the Indo-Pacific region.
- Putin is profiting from that idea by raising the stakes in Europe.
- If Putin is focusing on military solutions to rewrite the European security agreement with the United States, Xi is focusing on economic measures to restructure US ties.
- Washington is cautioning that if Beijing backs Moscow in the Ukraine crisis, Chinese companies could face significant financial losses.
- The argument that the US’s withdrawal from Afghanistan reflects Washington’s deficient political will is also misleading.
- Biden’s withdrawal from Afghanistan was borne out of the recognition that it was time to move away from the anti-insurgency movement in the Greater Middle East to the war with other major powers.
- Despite China’s dramatic rise and its latest cooperation with Russia, the united front can’t quite match the United States’ and its allies‘ total national power.
- Russia isn’t in the top ten economies today; seven of the ten countries in the top ten are allies of the United States, which has been at the top for a century and more.
- China also cannot forget that it is still a no match for USA in terms of defence capabilities.
Challenges India faces amidst West vs Sino-Russia axis
- India’s abstention in UNSC on Ukraine issue shows the precarious situation that India finds itself right now. It is walking a tight rope between the West and Russia.
- Delhi now stands closer than ever to the West thanks to the resurgent power rivalry that coincided with Indias weakening links with China.
- The meeting of the Quad foreign ministers in Australia this week and the proposed summit of their leaders in Japan in May will give some clues to Indias future relationship between the two nations; but Delhi is unlikely to let Moscow undermine its enthralling relationship with the West in Europe if it comes to blows with the West.
- Delhi has no way to push Moscow toward Washington, nor does it have a veto over Russia’s strategic alliance with China.
Opportunities for India in this matter
- France has been mediating between Russia and Ukraine amidst the crisis. This role can also be taken up by India, by ensuring that USA and Russia come on the negotiating table.
- India is one country that has strong relations with Moscow and Washington at the same time.
- India’s strategic autonomy especially in defence purchases shows that both nations trust India’s stature on the global arena. This relation can be leveraged to bring a political solution using the UNSC platform, where India is currently a member.
- India’s membership to Quad and SCO can be the conduit through which a political solution can be formulated and ensured that the relevant stakeholders listen to the same.
Conclusion
There has been a revival of alliances by USA that was thwarted by Trump regime. This is another opportunity for India to build stronger relations and ensure that its voice is heard in international platform. While India grows closer to the West, it must not forget the strategic autonomy and its ties to Russia.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Unemployment in India has been rising especially after the slowdown induced by COVID19. Also, unemployment in youth, women, and educated is especially high in comparatively rich states such as Punjab, Haryana, etc.
Key Demand of the question:
Analyse the issue of unemployment in India and the reasons behind it.
Directive:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the basics status of unemployment in India.
Body:
Explain the major reasons behind it by structuring it in different subheadings e.g. Policy lacuna: the skills picked up by the youth as they study are grossly mismatched with those needed in the job market.
Suggest solutions for increasing the rate of gainful unemployment using the structure of long-term measures, medium-term and short term.
Conclusion:
Conclude by including suggestions by this year’s economic survey e.g., there is a need for robust and authentic data on unemployment.
Introduction
Unemployment has become a chronic problem of India and in the recent years the situation has only worsened. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) recently released the unemployment status report of India which showed the unemployment rate in the country was 7.91% in December 2021. It was 7% in November 2021.
Body
Unemployment crisis in India
- With migrant labourers retreating to their native places, the impact seems to be more severe in urban areas where the unemployment rate is now reaching 10 per cent.
- With 73.5 lakh job losses in April, the number of employees (both salaried and non-salaried) fell from 39.81 crore in March to 39.08 crore in April for the third straight month.
- In April 2020, which was the first full month of the national lockdown last year, the unemployment rate had zoomed to 23.5%.
- Women tend to face a double challenge, with lower labour participation and a higher unemployment rate for females compared with males (for ages above 15).
- For the January-April 2021 period, urban female LPR was 7.2% compared with the urban male’s 64.8%, while urban female unemployment was 18.4% against the urban male unemployment rate of 6.6%, CMIE data showed.
Causes for the sharp decline in the jobs in India
- The labour force is the sum of the employed and those unemployed who are seeking employment.
- A shrinking of the labour force is most unusual in an economy with a growing population, and thus a growing working age cohort.
- Low education and lack of skills lead to loss of many job opportunities. On the other hand, the share of young adults in higher education in India has more than doubled over the years.
- Discouraged-worker effect: A section of those hitherto willing to work may have simply dropped out of an already challenged labour market.
- Demonetization has caused demoralisation among a section of the already unemployed who may have given up all hope of finding employment.
- About 90% of Indian Workforce is in the unorganized sector which was majorly affected during Demonetization and GST introduction.
- Declining Capital formation which is not backed by Public and Private Investment.
- Low female LFPR to the tunes of 24% also adds to high unemployment rate.
- Automation and IR4.0 is a looming threat to many jobs which have repeated work or sequential work.
- Socially disadvantaged groups do not get enough exposure in the job market like the general castes and Other Backward Classes.
- Labour laws in India are complex and relatively strict. Employment protection legislation is restrictive, compared with other emerging economies and OECD countries. Thus, corporates in India tend to rely more on temporary contract labour, stay small or substitute labour for capital to avoid strict labour laws.
Measures suggested
- Increase public spending in education:
- At 3.8% of GDP, public spending on education in India is lower than countries like Brazil and Malaysia.
- The focus of the government needs to shift to spending on enhancing the quality of education and vocational training.
- Similarly, allowing foreign investment in sectors like legal and accountancy services will create employment as more foreign firms will move to India.
- Infrastructure investment can also be utilised as an engine of job-creation.
- Investing in people through healthcare, quality education, jobs and skills helps build human capital, which is key to supporting economic growth, ending extreme poverty, and creating more inclusive societies.
- Educated unemployment:
- Besides promoting technical education, the government needs to focus more on creation of jobs and demand for workers since industries are unable to create sufficient job opportunities for all the technically educated people
- Policies should ensure that the education systems prepare young people for the skill demands of employers through outreach programmes, training, apprenticeships, and access to job-search assistance measures.
- More businesses should recognise the opportunity, and need, to invest in young people so that they can help in developing the qualities necessary for education and future employment.
- NGOs should engage collectively in policy advocacy on youth They should also partner with companies to develop skills and training programmes to tackle youth unemployment.
- Singapore has launched certain programmes to establish partnerships between domestic and foreign universities to promote tertiary education. India could learn from such initiatives.
- New age sectors like defence and aerospace, education and healthcare, and burgeoning green sectors like solar energy and wind, present another massive opportunity to identify ‘upcoming jobs’ and prepare talent accordingly. India’s ambition to create more than one million new jobs in the green energy sector by 2022 is encouraging.
- Educated unemployment:
- There should be cluster development to support job creation in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Most of the unorganised sector employment is in MSMEs, which tend to be concentrated in specific geographic locations.
- Private sector leaders should build capacity among unskilled and semi-skilled workers to ensure sustainability of renewable energy projects and provide opportunities to rural communities.
- Government officials should create public training programmes to prepare the poor and less educated people especially semi-skilled and unskilled for employment in the clean-energy sector.
- People need to be made self employed by providing training in skills and latest technologies for agriculture and other avenues especially in rural areas.
- Women in rural areas who are left behind by men due to migration need to look into other sources of livelihood other than agriculture like animal husbandry etc..
Conclusion
In 2020, although the economy was in a very poor state following the deleterious effects of demonetisation, the rural economy was faring reasonably well on the back of two good monsoons.
However, after a year of distress, and with some part of the workforce still not having returned to their work places, rural incomes are expected to be under pressure. Economists say they are already seeing signs of sluggishness in rural consumption.
Value-addition
Steps taken by government in recent times
- Dedicated Shram Suvidha Portal: That would allot Labor Identification Number (LIN) to units and allow them to file online compliance for 16 out of 44 labor laws.
- Random Inspection Scheme: To eliminate human discretion in selection of units for Inspection, and uploading of Inspection Reports within 72 hours of inspection mandatory.
- Universal Account Number: Enables 4.17 crore employees to have their Provident Fund account portable, hassle-free and universally accessible.
- Apprentice Protsahan Yojana: Government will support manufacturing units mainly and other establishments by reimbursing 50% of the stipend paid to apprentices during first two years of their training.
- Revamped Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: Introducing a Smart Card for the workers in the unorganized sector seeded with details of two more social security schemes.
- The National Career Service is being implemented as a mission mode project to provide various job-related services information on skills development courses, internships etc
General Studies – 4
Syllabus: Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and their Utilities and Application in Administration and Governance.
6. Can emotions supply reasons for moral judgment? Analyze (10M)
Why the question?
The growing realization of the link between emotions and moral judgments
Structure of the answer
Introduction
Briefly define the term moral judgment and emotions in the introduction.
Body
- Highlight how emotions in an individual can lead to moral judgments. Ex: Religious emotions in M Gandhi served as a beacon for his moral actions during the independence movement (Message of love and selfless service as propounded in Bhagavad Gita)
- Quote more such examples for this dimension.
- Highlight how emotions might not readily serve reasons for moral judgments all the time. Ex: Negative emotions like anger could affect the person’s ability to be moral (Duryodhana’s anger and jealousy against the Pandavas culminated into a devastating war)
- Quote more such examples for this dimension.
Conclusion
Suggest a way forward to deal with the negative emotions to prevent them from hampering our ability to be moral. You can use the teachings of any philosopher or leader to justify your suggestions.
Introduction
Moral judgments are influenced by many aspects of life; social norms, ethics, reason, and emotions. Emotions play a big role in the way we judge morality and make moral decisions. A brain area known for emotion processing seems to be important for these emotional effects, especially if the moral dilemma seems more personal.
Using emotion regulation, we can have some control over these effects. In fact, we could potentially use emotions to our advantage to motivate more moral behavior.
Body
The classic trolley problem, where we have an option to save four people at the cost of one worker. Who would we choose? And the answer to this is usually based on utilitarian judgement but if we know more of their backgrounds, the answer usually changes.
Emotions influencing moral judgement
- Emotions – that is to say feelings and intuitions – play a major role in most of the ethical decisions people make. Most people do not realize how much their emotions direct their moral choices. But experts think it is impossible to make any important moral judgments without emotions.
- Inner-directed negative emotions like guilt, embarrassment, and shame often motivate people to act ethically.
- Outer-directed negative emotions, on the other hand, aim to discipline or punish.
- For example, people often direct anger, disgust, or contempt at those who have acted unethically.
- This discourages others from behaving the same way.
- Positive emotions like gratitude and admiration, which people may feel when they see another acting with compassion or kindness, can prompt people to help others.
- Emotions evoked by suffering, such as sympathy and empathy, often lead people to act ethically toward others.
- Indeed, empathy is the central moral emotion that most commonly motivates prosocial activity such as altruism, cooperation, and generosity.
Examples of emotions influencing moral judgements
- Emotions, in addition to rational thinking, influences the way we make moral judgment and decisions.
- Anxiety and empathy tend to make us less willing to sacrifice one to save many.
- Disgust and anger make us harsher judges and punishers of moral wrong-doing.
- Eg: This has also led to custodial torture in the past. Judges have made insensitive comments on cases due to inherent bias and emotions on a subject.
- Sympathy can make a law enforcement officer over look petty theft done by a person to feed his family.
Conclusion
So, while we may believe that our moral decisions are influenced most by our philosophy or religious values, in truth our emotions play a significant role in our ethical decision-making. Most current accounts of moral judgment hold that emotion plays an important role, but the nature and extent of this role are still debated.
Syllabus: Human Values – Lessons from the Lives and Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers and Administrators; Role of Family Society and Educational Institutions in Inculcating Values.
Why the question?
Rise in arrogance, ego, etc. in the society in present times.
Structure of the answer
Introduction
Briefly define the term ethical humility in the introduction.
Body
- List the various challenges in developing humility in one’s life. Ex: Ego, arrogance, power, etc.
- Quote examples for each of the challenges you list. Ex: VVIP mode of behaviour amongst the civil service officers in certain scenarios.
- Suggest solutions to overcome all these challenges in developing humility in one’s life.
Conclusion
You can highlight the importance of ethical humility for the overall growth of society in a brief manner.
Introduction
Humility in true sense is not inflating oneself with ego despite of all the praises and respect offered for your work. Humility is broadly defined as 1) self-awareness, 2) appreciating others’ strengths and contribution, and 3) openness to new ideas and feedback regarding one’s performance. Humility means not putting yourself either above or below others; it means not thinking about your position on a scale.Mother Teresa, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam are few individuals who were epitome of humility.
Body
Humility is mother of all virtues:
- Humility in true sense is not inflating oneself with ego despite of all the praises and respect offered for your work.
- Humility is at the foundation of all the virtues as said by Confucius is a profound statement with lot of depth in it.
- Humility can free our mind from getting clouded by all the praises and respect.
- Humility counters ego which can be dangerous for further growth and development.
- With no ego in mind, one can invest his energy in more creative ideas.
Challenges in developing humility in one’s life
An individual can become humbler by:
- Respecting other human beings and treating all equally.
- Wiping out all prejudices and stereotypes.
- Staying grounded and not showing superiority complex.
- Accepting mistakes and learning from them.
- Being tolerant to other’s views and heeding to their concerns.
Conclusion
Humility is thus a virtue that makes you into someone that has the capacity of accepting or developing other virtues. It is similar to a potter who converts a load of mud into a vessel that can contain water and also keep it cool. If it has not been for the potter, the mud could never have developed the capacity to hold water within itself. Similar is humility. It is like a potter’s hands that shape an individual into a form which can be used to cultivate other profound virtues like – patience, hard work, perseverance, and many more.
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