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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
In 2020, human deaths due to cold waves were 76 times more than those due to heat waves, according to the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about causes and impact of cold waves in north India.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining a cold wave.
Body:
In the first part, write about formation of cold waves – Cold wave conditions form due to lack of western disturbances which are extratropical storms that mostly appear during the winter months, change the wind patterns in the northern parts of India. Presence of an active western disturbance cold winds from the Himalayas continue to blow in to the northern parts of India thereby allowing the prevailing cold conditions to continue and intensify. Parts of the plains of north-west, central and west India encounter cold wave, fog and ground frost conditions etc.
Next, write about its impact on humans, health, agriculture etc
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to deal with cold waves.
Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Cities across the world contribute about 80% of global gross domestic product. They are drivers of growth and dense labour marketplaces. However, recent developments have highlighted the severe economic, humanitarian and ecological repercussions of the unbalanced and unbridled growth of urban spaces.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the environmental issues faced by cities and mention how local government can help tackle the issue.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the impact of unplanned urbanisation and environmental shocks witnessed due to it – urban flooding, air pollution, water scarcity etc.
Net, how local governments can help play a part in solving this issue – Empowered city-elected representatives and legislative structure; Empowered city administration; Empowered citizens; Fiscal empowerment and technology.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
3. What is good governance? Discuss the various dimensions of good governance in India. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The Government refrained from commenting on a Supreme Court notice issued to it on a petition that seeks directions to the respondents to take steps to remove anomalies on the grounds of divorce, maintenance and alimony.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about good governance and its various dimensions.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining good governance.
Body:
First, elaborate up on the various components of good governance.
Next, discuss in detail various dimensions of good governance in India – administration, g-governance, finances, infrastructure, welfare and people’s happiness etc.
Next, suggest reforms to achieve it.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing on the importance of good governance to India.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Indian Express
Why the question:
RBI Monetary Policy Highlights: In line with expectations, the RBI MPC keeps key rates unchanged. This is the ninth consecutive time since the rate remains unchanged
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Body:
In the first part, write about the achievements of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Next, write about the various impediments like affordability, administrative issues, low value for women’s labour etc poor face while accessing LPG which causes them to continue to use firewood and cow dung as fuel.
Write the measures that need to be taken to enhance and promote the usage of LPG. Mention the aspect of integrating other forms clean energy apart from LPG which is accessible and affordable.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the importance of biosphere functions in sustainable development.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin defining sustainable development.
Body:
First, mention briefly various functions of biosphere. Give various instances of depleting natural resources. Cite earth overshoot day to substantiate.
Next, bring out the impact of the same – The increase in human population levels and the harvesting of more of Earth’s natural resources has led to overexploitation. Human activities are causing major alterations to the patterns of energy flow and nutrient cycling through ecosystems, and these activities are eliminating populations and species.
Next, mention how the above can be incorporated to achieved sustainable development.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the characteristics of grassland ecosystems and the impact of various threats to it.
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the spread of various grassland ecosystems across the world.
Body:
First, write about the characteristics of grassland ecosystems – limited annual rainfall, dry climate, Lack of nutrients, Frequent fires, vegetation growth dominated by grasses.
Next, write about the impact of various natural and human disturbances to grassland ecosystem – Landslides, flash floods, wind storms, harvesting, planting and hunting are activities that have affected the organisms and landscapes within this type of ecosystem. Animals that graze in grasslands can also help to erode the territory if they overfeed. Urban development, agricultural production and invasive plants are all factors that work to destroy grasslands.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning various measures taken to tackle to protect grasslands.
Topic: Case Study.
-
- Why is dowry so deeply entrenched in the Indian society?
- Suggest steps to tackle domestic violence in India.
- As the superintendent of police what action will you be taking?
- What will be your advice to your friend?
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Case Study Fridays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
You may begin by bringing out the gravity of the issue of domestic violence in India.
Body:
- Mention the causes behind never ending menace of dowry – greed, desperation, patriarchy, customary, acceptance etc
- Mention steps to holistically address the issue of rising domestic violence in India.
- In detail, mention the course of action you will take address the multiple issues in the case study.
- As a friend what will be your advice with respect to the issues she is facing and for her future.
Conclusion:
Stress on the need to end the menace dowry and domestic violence in India.
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