[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 11 December 2021 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: c)

Constitutional Provisions Related to Federalism:

• Elements of federalism were introduced into modern India by the Government of India Act of 1919which separated powers between the centre and the provincial legislatures.
• The respective legislative powers of states and Centre are traceable to Articles 245 to 254.
• The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution contains three lists that distribute power between the Centre and states (Article 246).
• There are 98 subjects (originally 97) in the Union List, on which Parliament has exclusive power to legislate.
• The State List has 59 subjects (originally 66) on which states alone can legislate.
• The Concurrent List has 52 subjects (originally 47) on which both the Centre and states can legislate. In case of a conflict, the law made by Parliament prevails (Article 254).
• Article 1 of the Constitution mentions that India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States. It means that states do not have power or right to secede away from the Union of India. Also unlike USA, in India, different states have not formed because of an agreement among the states.
• Article 3 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to create new States. It allows the federation to evolve, grow and respond to regional aspirations.
• When a new state is formed, Schedule I and Schedule IV of the Constitution shall be amended.
• Schedule I – contains list of States and Union Territories
• Schedule IV – provides for allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha. The allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha is made on the basis of the population of each State.

Solution: c)

The 1967 Outer Space Treaty bans the stationing of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in outer space, prohibits military activities on celestial bodies, and details legally binding rules governing the peaceful exploration and use of space.

The 1967 Outer Space Treaty says that space should be accessible to all countries and can be freely and scientifically investigated. 

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Solution: a)

The World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) is a global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society, and Indigenous Peoples’ organizations focused on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, forest carbon stock conservation, the sustainable land use management, and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries, activities commonly referred to as REDD+.

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Solution: b)

The SCO was launched in 2001 by China and Russia to promote inner Asia stability. Beijing and Moscow were also driven by fears about US power in the post-Cold War era and Washington’s ambition to promote human rights and democracy in the region.

The current members of the SCO are China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, and India. The SCO has four observer states — Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia and Belarus.

A few months after the SCO was set up, the world saw the terror attacks on New York and Washington on September 11, 2001 by Al Qaeda.

Beijing and Moscow did not oppose US intervention in Afghanistan in 2001. They had no quarrel with America’s immediate goal of ousting al Qaeda and other terror outfits from their periphery.

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Solution: b)

The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately. In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies. This sometimes makes it necessary for a number of rounds of voting to be held.

Judges are eligible for re-election.

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