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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about to factors which determine the salinity of the oceans.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Explain what is ocean salinity.
Body:
Write about the various factors that determine the salinity of the oceans – Evaporation, Freshwater flow influx, temperature, density, Ocean Currents, Precipitation, Atmospheric pressure and Wind direction. Give examples from across the world.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the above.
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about horizontal, vertical regional distributions of Salinity.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give context about variations of salinity with latitudinal variations and depth.
Body:
In the first part, write about the horizontal distributions of Salinity – salinity decreases from equator towards the poles, highest salinity is observed between 20° N and 40° N etc and the reasons for it.
Next, write about vertical distributions of Salinity – increases with increasing depth, draw a small diagram to show the same.
Next, write about salinity varies in major oceans on the planet and reasons therefore.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about the impact of salinity of various climatic phenomenon.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The Rare Diseases Policy aims to lower the high cost of treatment for rare diseases with increased focus on indigenous research with the help of a National Consortium to be set up with Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare as convenor.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about National Policy for Rare Diseases in better management of rare diseases in India.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining rare diseases and give certain examples of it.
Body:
First, write about the issues with respect to rare diseases – Early diagnosis of rare diseases is a major challenge owing to a variety of factors that include lack of awareness among primary care physicians, lack of adequate screening and diagnostic facilities etc.
Next, write about positive changes National Policy for Rare Diseases brings forth – lower the high cost of treatment for rare diseases with increased focus on indigenous research, local production of medicines, national hospital-based registry, early screening and financial support etc.
Next, write about the limitations of the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to holistically address the growing burden o rare diseases.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The trilateral security agreement between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States (AUKUS) continues to be in the news at the COP26.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about objectives and potential outcomes due to the formation of AUKUS.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the formation of AUKUS.
Body:
In the first part, write about the reasons behind formation of AUKUS.
Next, elaborate on the security pact and its impact on the Indo-pacific. nuclear-powered submarines in Australia, deterrence to China, enhancing joint capabilities and deeper military interoperability etc.
Next, bring in the impact of formation of AUKUS other countries. – New Zealand, European Union especially with souring of Australia-France relations, ASEAN, possible responses of China. Mention the impact on India.
Conclusion:
Summarise the impact of new geo-political developments on rules based multilateral order.
General Studies – 3
Topic: e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Globally, India is competing with the US and China in the agri-startup space. According to Agfunder, India witnessed an increase in funding from $619 million in H1 2020 to $2 billion in H1 2021, behind the US ($9.5 billion) and China ($4.5 billion)
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the potential of Agritech startups in India.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by writing about the growing trend of Agritech startups in India. Cite statistic to substantiate.
Body:
First, mention the potential of Agritech startups in India – empowering farmers, small agrifood operators, and giving consumers a better deal, growing footprint and reduced wastage etc.
Next, write about bottlenecks faced by these startups – policy issues, funding, regulation etc.
Next, mention the need for a robust policy to ensure there is smooth transition of businesses and employees from the informal to formal sector through upskilling, financing initiatives etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning positive steps that are needed for companies involved in the agricultural ecosystem.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
Abdul Jabbar, a gas victim, waged a lonely and seemingly never-ending battle for the welfare of the survivors of 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy. He will be awarded the Padma Shri posthumously.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about Bhopal gas tragedy and the steps that are put in place to prevent such incidents from happening again.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the Bhopal Gas tragedy, the deadliest chemical disaster witnessed in India.
Body:
First, write about chemical disasters and impact of such disasters such as loss of lives, property, harm to surrounding environment etc.
Next, mention the steps that are put in place to prevent such disasters – Explosives Act 1884 Petroleum Act 1934, Factories Act 1948, Insecticides Act 1968, Environment Protection Act 1986 Motor Vehicles Act 1988, Public Liability Insurance Act 1991, Disaster Management Act 2005
Next, examine the efficacy of the above in preventing chemical disasters and write about its limitations citing recent examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about a way forward to have robust mechanism to deal with chemical disasters.
General Studies – 4
Topic: laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance;
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
Using the metaphor of the moral compass to describe conscience, our inner sense of right and wrong offers a framework to guide our actions.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by describing what you understand by moral compass (conscience) which governs the actions you take in day to day life.
Body:
Elaborate on how the moral compass aids in deciding what right from is wrong. Use examples to substantiate your points.
One way is to treat others the way you want to be treated.
Next way, to use Rights Theory that obligates us to respect the rights of others and live up to our obligations towards them.
Another way is to utilitarian perspective to do maximum good for maximum people.
Conclusion:
Completed the answer by bring out how the moral compass prevents us acting purely from self-interest and helps us live a life of integrity.
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