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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: History of modern world by Jain & Mathur
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the struggle for liberation and independence of African countries as well as racial equality in the 1960’s.
Directive word:
Comment- here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by writing about the wind of change that were witnessed in the 1960’s.
Body:
First, write about the factors that led to the awakening the colonies of Africa leading to their struggle for independence.
Next, elaborate that just a few years on either side of 1960, a wave of struggles for independence was sweeping across Africa. Between March 1957, when Ghana declared independence from Great Britain, and July 1962, when Algeria wrested independence from France after a bloody war, 24 African nations freed themselves from their former colonial masters.
Next, write about the struggle for racial equality in South Africa.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the outcome of the above.
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: History of modern world by Jain & Mathur
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the contributions of Simon Bolivar towards Latin American independence.
Directive word:
Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving brief description of Simon Bolivar – who is knows as the The Liberator
Body:
First write about the political philosophy of Simon Bolivar and that penned two political treatises—the Cartagena Manifesto and the Letter from Jamaica.
Next write about his military achievements – encouraging the people of South America to rebel against Spanish colonial rule, leading multiple expeditionary forces against the Spaniards, liberated territories etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising that his contributions earned him the epithet – The Liberator from the Latin American people.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Covid-19 has cued an opportunity to institute equitable, resilient and sustainable health provisions in the country.
Key Demand of the question:
To give an account on important features that a resilient health system must constitute.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by mentioning the devastating impact of the pandemic on the healthcare system on India.
Body:
First, begin by describing various lacunas in present healthcare system in India.
Next, stress on the need of a robust Primary Healthcare system and mention about need for an inclusive approach towards beneficiaries of the healthcare system.
Next, write about the ways to ensure it – mention on need for increased public funding and the need for a greater healthcare workforce catering to the population demand of the nation.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning that there is a pressing need to focus on healthcare system in order to build back better and achieve SDG-3.
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Recently, UN Secretary-General António Guterres released Our Common Agenda, which follows on the UN-75 Political Declaration to set a new agenda for a bold plan on how we can tackle the challenges of today and tomorrow.
Key Demand of the question:
To discuss the need for reforms in the UN and for its renewed approach towards resolving global issues.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the latest strides of the UN in acknowledging the issues reverberating across borders and generations and the need for a new multilateralism.
Body:
First highlight the fact that the UN has called for a renewed commitment towards international cooperation.
Next mention the common issues faced across nations that need an inclusive approach and the need to bring in equality among nations in the multilateral diplomatic arena.
Next suggest the need to up the mandate of the International organisations to bring in visible change on ground with respect to the issues that they are mandated to deal with.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying that the UN has stood the test of time since 75 years as a reliable global forum to resolve global issues and it is time for it to take a revamped approach to address the present day challenges.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Supreme Court observed that six major fireworks manufacturers had violated orders requiring them not to use prohibited chemicals .
Key Demand of the question:
To highlight the need for a strict monitoring and regulatory structure in order to bring in green crackers effectively into regular production and use.
Directive word:
Comment- here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by mentioning the ineffectiveness of Supreme Court’s ban on fire crackers since past three years.
Body:
First, write about green crackers developed by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and its various types.
Next, write about how green crackers are environmentally safer than conventional crackers. Mention their benefits with respect to – less polluting raw materials, reduced particle emission and less noise level.
Mention few drawbacks of green crackers and how to overcome them.
Conclusion:
Conclude by highlighting the need for an effective mechanism in the context of climate change as well as the cultural regularity of firecracker use in the Indian society.
Topic: Money laundering and its prevention.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) has leaked an offshore financial record, the most voluminous ever: as many as 12 million documents from 14 companies in offshore tax havens with details of ownership of 29,000 offshore companies and Trusts as a means of money laundering.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Key Demand of the question:
to write about the misuse of tax havens for money laundering.
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the Pandora papers as a sequel to the leaks such as Panama and Paradise papers by ICIJ.
Body:
First, describe the findings of Pandora Papers – mention how the rich set up complex multi-layered trust structures for estate planning, in jurisdictions which are loosely regulated for tax purposes.
Next highlight the continuous quest for tax havens and new modes of money laundering by few elite sections of the society. Mention its impact.
Next, write about steps taken by the government and mechanism put in place to check it – write about its limitations.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning the need for a robust, smart and collaborative efforts by tax authorities on a national front to outsmart such complicated and layered tax-evasive structures and prevent money laundering.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world to the concepts of morality;
7. What is your understanding of Kant’s Categorical Imperative? (150 Words)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To put forth one’s own understanding and views about Kantian Categorical Imperative.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining Categorical Imperative of Emmanuel Kant.
Body:
Begin the body by explaining in detail about your understanding of Categorical Imperative with examples. You can use simple but effective examples to put forward your ideas regarding Universal Moral Law etc.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.
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