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NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the political and social causes of the French Revolution.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the defining the French Revolution in brief.
Body:
In the first part, mention the political causes of French Revolution – Absolutism, Maladministration, Incompetence of Louis-XVI etc.
Next, write about the social causes of the French Revolution – The three estates, The privileged, the inequalities etc.
In brief mention about other causes – economic and intellectual – for the French Revolution.
Conclusion:
Summarise how the combine effect of the above resulted in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Introduction
French revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. The outbreak of revolution was due to the political incompetency of King Louis XVI, disorganized administrative step, sharp inequalities in the society and impending financial crisis.
Body:
The French Revolution was not only a popular uprising against the absolute power of the king but was also against the privileges and wealth of the elite. The causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the existing regime proved unable to manage.
Political Causes:
- Degeneration of the Absolute Monarchy:
- Absolute monarchy reached its peak under Louis XIV, and began to degenerate during his lifetime.
- Refusal of Louis XV to remedy the abuses of the old order, inefficiency of Louis XVI, all added to the initiation of the process of revolution.
- His wife, Marie Antoinette, squandered money on festivities and interfered in state appointments.
- Administrative Ruins:
- The administrative system of the country was hopelessly unsatisfactory. Various units of the administration possessed ill-defined and overlapping jurisdictions.
- At different times, France had been divided into districts under bailiffs and seneschals whose offices were purely ornamental. It had also been divided into provinces under governors.
- It had been divided into intendancies (under intendants), judicial districts, educational districts and ecclesiastical districts.
- The conflict of jurisdictions added to the difficulties and troubles of the people.
- Judicial Malfeasance:
- The legal system of the country was full of confusion. There was no uniform law for the whole of the country.
- Different laws were in force in different parts of the country. While at one place German law prevailed, at another place the Roman law was in force.
- It is estimated that there were about 400 different systems of law in the country.
- The laws were written in Latin and consequently were not within the comprehension of the people.
Social Causes:
- Inequalities:
- There was too much of inequality in French society on the eve of the French Revolution. French society was divided into two parts the privileged and the unprivileged.
- It is estimated that the clergy and nobility owned about one-fifth each of property in France.
- Thus, about one per cent of people owned about 40 per cent of property in the country. While they enjoyed privileges, they were exempted from taxes.
Economic Causes:
- The series of wars France took part in Austrian War of succession, Seven Years war and American war of Independence which was great drain on the resources of the country.
Role of French Philosophers:
- Another cause of the French Revolution was the effect of the preachings of the French philosophers.
- Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau were the three intellectual giants of the age.
Immediate Cause:
- The impending bankruptcy and the acute shortage of food in France started the revolution in France.
Conclusion:
French Revolution was a total revolution having manifestations in almost all spheres from ending Royal Absolutism, Feudalism and inspiring many other revolutions which marked the beginning of the end of the ancient regime on which modern politics took shape.
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of French Revolution on modern politics.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about French Revolution of 1789.
Body:
In the first part, mention the goals French Revolution and how it was not able to achieve its all goals as well its other limitations like violence, restoring of monarchy etc.
Next, in detail, write the impact created by the French Revolution on the modern world history – constitutionalism, end of feudalism, ideals of the French revolution, inspiring further revolutions etc. Also, mention the impact of French Revolution on India.
Conclusion:
Summarise by emphasising on the impact of the revolution.
Introduction
The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of ideological, political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French polity, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Enlightenment principles of republicanism, citizenship, and rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, including executions and repression during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power.
Body
French revolution failed to achieve its goals:
- The French Revolution also failed to establish a constitutional monarchy or a representative government.
- France began in 1789 with the absolute monarch of Louis XVI and ended with the military dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte.
- In between there were various elected legislative bodies, but these groups became more radical and dogmatic as the Revolution progressed.
- The leaders of these Assemblies cared for the people only to the extent that they could help them hold on to power.
- Men such as Robespierre, and later the members of the Directory, used the National Assembly for their own personal gain.
- It failed in protecting the lower class and maintaining power for the lower class.
- Limited suffrage, especially women were excluded, Slavery was reintroduced by Napoleon.
Impact on World
- Napoleon carried ideals of the Revolution to the rest of Europe: Liberty, Modern Laws, Democratic Rights, protection of private property. This, in turn, gave rise to Modern Nationalism paving way creation of the sovereign nation-state.
- Liberalism as government form got crystallised in North and South America.
- It inspired other revolutions: Haitian Revolution, Independence Movements in Spanish and Portuguese colonies in South America.
Impact on India
- French Revolution ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity inspired the freedom movement to topple down a powerful British totalitarian regime.
- Raja Rammohun Roy and Tipu Sultan in particular and Indian Nationalist Freedom Struggle incorporated ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
Conclusion
Thus, the importance of the French Revolution laid in laying the foundation of Modern States based on Liberal Democratic ideals. Also, indirectly it laid the groundwork for the growth of Socialism and Communism by providing an intellectual and social environment in which these ideologies could flourish.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The clamour for a fresh caste census is getting louder in the country. No political party in the country has publicly opposed the demand as yet, and most have supported the call.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of caste census in initiating welfare measures of the weaker sections of the society.
Directive word:
Critically analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving various constitutional obligations for achieving welfare state in India.
Body:
In the first part, mention the measures that have been take to uplift the weaker sections in India.
Next, mention about caste census in India – mention the data that is collected by it, the need of the data, its uses in policy making etc.
Next, write about the downside of caste census – caste-based politics, enhanced demand for affirmative action, widen social rifts etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
Article 38 of the Constitution says “The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may, a social order in which justice – social economic and political – shall pervade all institutions of national life.” This provision provides a broad framework for the establishment of the welfare state.
Body
Measures taken to uplift the weaker sections of the society
- Strong laws against discrimination: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was established to protect the marginalized communities against discrimination and atrocities.
- Representation in government: Article 330 and Article 332 of the Constitution respectively provide for reservation of seats in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the legislative assemblies of the States.
- Commission for backward classes: To ensure the well-being and welfare of the weaker sections, there are three commissions which are formed by the Constitution I.e. National Commission for Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes as well as Other backward classes.
- Ayushman Bharat Yojana is a health protection scheme which provides health insurance to the citizens of India, especially the weaker sections of the society.
- Housing for all: This scheme aims to provide a pucca house which has all the necessary amenities to the houseless and to the households living in kutcha and dilapidated houses. The beneficiaries under this scheme are all the houseless and households living in zero, one or two-room houses with kutcha hall and kutcha roof as per SECC (Socio-Economic and Caste Census) data.
- Food security: The Public Distribution System (PDS) evolved as a system of management of scarcity through distribution of food grains at affordable prices. Over the years, PDS has become an important part of Government’s policy for management of food economy in the country.
About caste census
- Every Census in independent India from 1951 to 2011 has published data on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, but not on other castes.
- Before that, every Census until 1931 had data on caste.
- The Census provides a portrait of the Indian population, while the SECC is a tool to identify beneficiaries of state support.
- Since the Census falls under the Census Act of 1948, all data are considered confidential, whereas all the personal information given in the SECC is open for use by Government departments to grant and/or restrict benefits to households.
Need for caste census
- Evidence based policymaking: A caste census would actually bring to the particular the number of people who are at the margins, or who are deprived, or the kind of occupations they pursue, or the kind of hold that institutions like caste have on them.
- Better targeting of welfare schemes: The courts in India have often emphatically said that it is important to have adequate data regarding the reservation. So, the caste census is nothing but the collection of data that is necessary for any democratic policymaking.
- Real picture of Indian society: This census will reveal information regarding caste-based marginalisation, deprivation, the kind of jobs pursued by a caste, etc.
- Caste census will give authentic information regarding the socio-economic condition and education status of various castes.
- Misconceptions on caste strength in states: Resolving ambiguities of caste. In Karnataka, there were claims that among the castes, the Lingayats are the most numerous. So the census can reveal the true information on that.
Issues related to caste census
- Caste divisions and fault lines: As India seek to eliminate and weaken the notion of caste, a caste census would only strengthen it.
- Data credibility: Data gathering itself is a big problem because it can become very invasive. Moreover, there is a fear of data manipulation by the political class to their advantage.
- Reservations demands: There is a possibility that caste-based reservations will lead to heartburn among some sections and spawn demands for larger or separate quotas. For instance, Patels, Gujjars, Jats and other castes are demanding reservations. The caste census might induce more such demands in future.
- There will be a demand for breach of 50% cap and political class can exploit this as an election strategy.
- Social friction: Caste identification can lead to friction amongst various classes.
- Counting ascribed identities like caste and religion is perhaps less progressive than counting achieved identities or capability attributes like education and profession and other tangible endowments like the ownership of land, house and other consumer durables.
Conclusion
Going beyond caste association and examining the failure in entitlements, welfare schemes and circumstantial differences will perhaps be more effective in thinking of interventions and in addressing concerns. Further, associating any adversity with caste may at best help focus the intervention but the effort should be on addressing the adversity irrespective of the identity.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Law , Insights on India
Why the question:
Raising questions of great public and constitutional importance as to whether “Right to Social Security” is a guaranteed fundamental right for all working people, whether employed in formal or informal sectors, “Gig Workers” have approached Supreme Court seeking social security benefits from food delivery apps such as Zomato and Swiggy and taxi aggregator apps Ola and Uber.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining gig workers.
Body:
In the first talk about the ambiguity in gig economy which results in the exploitation of gig workers – lack of formal employer-employee relationship, remuneration, rigidity of working hours and the working conditions etc.
Next, talk about the immediate measures that are needed to address it – proper regulation, Giving effect to The Code on Social Security, 2020, considering right to social security as a fundamental right etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
“Gig workers” or “app workers” or “platform workers” work in what has come to be known as workers who work in the “informal economy”. The informal economy accounts for 1/3rd the Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) and 70% of employment in an average developing country.
Body
Ambiguity and in the gig economy
- The main issue with gig economy is the employment relationship, which needs to be more clearly defined.
- Most of the time, it is the ambiguity around the rights of workers and the responsibilities of platforms that allows businesses to treat their gig workers as employees in terms of the control they exert upon them, but without the cost that hiring an employee entails.
- When the labour supply is high and more disposable, as in the case of blue-collar workers, the gig workers have no power to influence payment offerings, and freedom to choose becomes but an illusion.
- Platform delivery people can claim benefits, but not labour rights.
- Present legal framework does not allow them to go to court to demand better and stable pay, or regulate the algorithms that assign the tasks.
- During the last six months, many platform workers have unionised under the All India Gig Workers Union and have protested for continuous dip in pay.
- For example, Swiggy workers have been essential during the pandemic. Even after that pay of Swiggy workers was reduced from ₹35 to ₹10 per delivery order.
- In the Code on Social Security bill , 2020, platform workers are now eligible for benefits like maternity benefits, life and disability cover, old age protection, provident fund, employment injury benefits, etc.
- However, eligibility does not mean that the benefits are guaranteed.
- These are prescriptive in nature.
- The Code states the provision of basic welfare measures as a joint responsibility of the Central government, platform aggregators, and workers.
- However, it does not state which stakeholder is responsible for delivering what quantum of welfare.
Measures needed to address the issues
- Constant upskilling and reskilling is required for such talents to stay industry relevant and market ready.
- A categorical clarification could ensure that social security measures are provided to workers without compromising the touted qualities of platform work.
- Countries must come together to set up a platform to extend their labour protection to the workforce who are working part-time in their country.
- Companies employing the workforce on a temporary basis should also be made responsible to contribute to their insurance and social obligation other than just their tax commitment.
- There is a need for a socio-legal acknowledgement of the heterogeneity of work in the gig economy, and the ascription of joint accountability to the State and platform companies for the delivery of social services.
- In the Code on Social Security, 2020, platform workers are now eligible for benefits. Actualising these benefits will depend on the political will at the Central and State government-levels and how unions elicit political support.
Conclusion
With a population of over 1.3 billion, and a majority of them below the age of 35, relying on the “gig economy” is perhaps the only way to create employment for a large semi-skilled and unskilled workforce. Therefore, it is important to hand-hold this sector and help it grow. We need policies and processes that give clarity to the way the sector should function.
Value addition
- Human resources firm TeamLease estimates that 13 lakh Indians joined the gig economy in the last half of 2018-19, registering a 30% growth compared to the first half of the fiscal year.
- Better Place, a digital platform that does background verification and skill development in the informal sector, estimates that of the 21 lakh jobs that will be created in the metros in 2019-20, 14 lakh will be in the gig economy.
- Food and e-commerce delivery will account for 8 lakh positions and drivers will account for nearly 6 lakh positions, says the report, based on 11 lakh profiles in over 1,000 companies.
- Delhi, Bengaluru and other metros are expected to be the biggest drivers of this sector. And two-thirds of this workforce will be under the age of 40.
Topic: Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
India must shed obsession with ‘marginal farmers’. Their future lies outside farms — in dairy, poultry, food retail
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues of small-marginal farmers and suggest steps to improve their livelihood.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic of small and marginal farmers in India.
Body:
In the first part, write about the issues plaguing the small and marginal farmers in India – Small holdings make agriculture uneconomic, Perpetual indebtedness, Inability to procure quality seeds, Lack of water and poor yields etc.
Next, examine the need for new opportunities for small and marginal farmers in allied activities like of livestock sector especially dairy, goat and sheep farming etc.
Also, mention ways to make agriculture sustainable and better remunerative for small and marginal farmers.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
As per the agriculture census of 2015-16, the majority of land holdings in India — 86 percent — are small and marginal. They are less than two hectares in size, and these households’ incomes are already below what they spend on consumption expenditure. Out of the country’s estimated 93.09 million agricultural households, over 70 per cent possessed less than one hectare land.
Body
Issues plaguing the small and marginal farmers in India
- Non-remunerative agriculture: Indian landholdings are so small that makes little marketable surplus. This makes them to go for subsistence agriculture and also difficult for mechanisation.
- Fragmented holding: It creates difficulties for marginal farmers to access credit or new technology, severely affecting farm productivity and their incomes, making them entirely dependent on usurious moneylenders.
- Unorganised agriculture: No systematic institutional & organisational planning in cultivation, irrigation harvesting & marketing. Minimum purchase price fixed by the government do not reach to the poorest farmers.
- Poor Government program penetration: Government has implemented agricultural debt waiver, debt relief scheme etc. Most of the subsides & welfare schemes announced by the central & state government do not reach up to poor farmers. On the contrary, only big land holders are benefited by these schemes.
Opportunities for small and marginal farmers in allied activities
- The Government should take up the responsibility for providing training to the farmers to acquire new skills to reduce the dependence on agriculture. New areas like horticulture, aquaculture, fishery should also be promoted.
- Lands of small farmers can be put to better use with allied activities. This includes dairy, poultry, piggery etc. rather than in regular crop agriculture.
- Activities such as aggregation, grading, packaging, transport, processing, warehousing and retailing of produce. These activities — plus supply of inputs and services to farms — can generate far many more jobs than in the fields themselves.
- The setting up of farmer producer companies (FPC) is a way out for small farmers. They can have better incomes as it will lead to aggregating of produce and selling it at better prices
- Forming collectives for marketing their products is essential .
- Apni mandi in Punjab, Rytu bandhu in Andhra Pradesh, dairy cooperatives are some of the successful cases in marketing.
- The real challenge lies in organising the small and marginal farmers for marketing and linking them to high value agriculture.
- Thus, group approach is needed for getting benefits from marketing.
- It may be noted that agricultural technologies are ‘scale neutral’ but not ‘resource neutral’ . Small holder oriented research and extension should give importance to cost reduction without reduction in yields.
Way forward
- Promoting Exports: To increase export from these areas, 50% relaxation in railway freight as freight subsidy can be provided from dry ports.
- Cluster Approach: Special incentives are being offered to develop industrial corridors and clusters but this model should be replicated in the rural and backward areas to provide job opportunities to nearby small and marginal farmers and farm labourers.
- Decentralised Microenterprise Ecosystem: A distributed, micro-level factory that can produce solopreneurs and micro-enterprises has to be created and supported in the rural areas. For instance, processing and packaging of vegetables for sale in urban malls can be one such micro-enterprise that is labour intensive.
- Investment in Rural areas: Promotion of new industrial investment with a special incentive in backward areas to provide new jobs to rural India. Providing jobs to small, marginal farmers and farm labourers in nearby areas will minimise the rural-to-urban migration
Topic: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma and his Nagaland counterpart Neiphiu Rio held closed door interaction with NSCN(IM) chief negotiator Thuingaleng Muivah a day after the resumption of talks between the Centre and NSCN(IM) to find a solution to the vexed Naga political issue.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the obstacles to the Naga peace talks and suggest steps to resolve them.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about Naga Peace Accord of 2015
Body:
In 2015, the Centre signed a framework agreement with the NSCN (I-M) to resolve the Naga issue, but both sides maintaining secrecy about its contents.
Write about the friction between NSCN(I-M) and interlocutor R.N Ravi over some contents of the deal. Mention other hurdles such as sovereignty issues, demand for Greater Nagalim, Issues with non-Naga groups, Extortions by certain Naga groups and factions within the Nagas.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward on securing a long lasting and peaceful deal with all the stakeholders with the restart of talks.
Introduction
The NSCN (IM) entered into a ceasefire agreement with the Centre in 1997 and the two have been holding talks since then, while a conglomerate of seven different Naga national political groups (NNPGs) also got into separate talks with the Centre since 2017. The Centre signed a “framework agreement” with NSCN (IM) in 2015, and an “agreed position” with the NNPGs in 2017. However, the NSCN (IM)’s demand for a separate Naga flag and constitution has been a delaying factor in signing a final deal on the protracted Naga political issue.
Body
Naga Peace Accord and deadlock
- Enlarged Peace Talks: Talks were expanded in 2017 by including other Naga groups under the banner, the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs)
- Bilateral to Multilateral Negotiations: The Framework Agreement envisaged a bilateral truce between two entities, but today it is seen to be a multilateral one with involvement of seven prominent Naga groups
- Deadlock in Talks Since October 2019: The deadlock was on the insistence for a separate flag and constitution by the NSCN(IM) to make way for India and Nagaland to be independent allies in a shared-sovereignty federal relationship
- Differences within Naga Groups: The NSCN (I-M) still insists on a “Greater Nagalim”. However, most of the NNPGs based in Nagaland have sought to settle the issue without disturbing the State boundaries while keeping the “Greater Nagalim” question in abeyance.
Other issues in the peace process
- The agreement released by the NSCN-IM in August 2020 stated “sharing the sovereign power” and provide for an “enduring inclusive new relationship of peaceful co-existence of the two entities”.
- The NSCN-IM claims that the word ‘new’ is politically sensitive as it goes to define the meaning of peaceful co-existence of the two entities (two sovereign powers) and it strongly indicates outside the purview of the Constitution.
- The position of NSCN (IM) has been “with India, not within India”.
- Conceding to this demand, especially after the abrogation of Article 370, seems improbable for the Government.
- In November 2017, N Ravi signed an agreement with seven groups who had come together under the banner of the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs), which did not include the NSCN (IM).
- The IM, which considers itself the principal representative of Naga aspirations, has been a rival of many of the NNPG groups. In a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2020, the IM accused Ravi of attempting to “segregate the Naga civil society”.
- The NSCN-IM had claimed that the interlocutor Mr. Ravi, “craftily deleted the word new from the original” to justify his own narrative and circulated to the other Naga groups including NNGPs.
- NSCN-IM was also angered by Mr. Ravi’s letter to Nagaland CM, alleging the collapse of law and order and that armed gangs who question the sovereignty and integrity of the nation” were engaging in “blatant extortion”.
Way forward
- The government has roped in former IB officer Mishra as the new pointsperson for talks.
- It is important to understand that there cannot be an accord without the NSCN(IM). It continues to get young recruits and wields considerable influence in the region.
- The idea is to slowly bring them to accept what India can give.
- One of Mishra’s tasks would also be to delicately close the gap between the IM and NNPGs, which shared a good relationship with Ravi.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators.
7. What do you understand by the quote?
“Education which does not mould character is absolutely worthless” – Mahatma Gandhi
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Quotes Wednesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by explaining the quote.
Body:
Start by mentioning that there exists a difference between being literate and being educated. The education without values is like body without soul. Mention the ramifications of the same. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Suggest way to inculcate values for character building.
Introduction
“To educate a person in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society” aptly captures the idea behind the above quote by Mahatma Gandhi. Education promotes the metamorphosis of a child to become a full-fledged adult. Mere learning without promotion and development of values even discards the definition of education. Education of values and principles shapes and moulds a soul
Body
Achieving academic excellence for all students is at the very core of any school’s purpose, and will inform much of what they do. Character education is not a new thing, extending as it does back to the work of Aristotle. Yet it could be argued that the pursuit of success in schools in more recent years has sought to put the cart before the horse. In driving students to think of success solely in terms of exam grades and university places, pressure is created that can often be counter intuitive to student well- being and academic progress.
It does not matter how educated or wealthy one is, if the inherent character or personality lacks morals. In fact, such personalities can be threat to a peaceful society. E.g.: Mussolini, Hitler are all examples of education devoid of morality leading mankind to their destruction.
In contemporary times it is equally relevant. For instance, An educated man taking dowry will be a death spell for gender equality and gender justice. The seven sins of Gandhiji will materialise when we are educated without morality like Science without humanity as is the case with nuclear weapons today.
Thus, Education without values as useful as it seems makes a man, a clever devil.
Conclusion
Education without morals is like a ship without a compass, merely wandering nowhere. It is not enough to have the power of concentration, but we must have worthy objectives upon which to concentrate. It is not enough to know truth, but we must love truth and sacrifice for it.
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