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General Studies – 1
Topic: The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Chapter 10 – India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 as mentioned in Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the actual reasons behind the partition of Bengal.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context of regarding partition of Bengal into Muslim dominated province with Dacca as a provincial capital and the Bengal region with Bengalis being outnumbered by Hindi ,Oriya and other language speaking population.
Body:
Mention the systemic attacks by Curzon on Bengal to stifle Indian nationalists. The Calcutta Corporation readjustment of 1899, Calcutta university Act of 1904 and explain them in brief.
Next, Write about the initial suggestion of administrative readjustment of Bengal for equal development, by Curzon in 1904.However, instead of the readjustment on linguistic lines, how Bengal was planned to be readjusted to stifle the voice of the nationalists of the region and divide the Bengali speaking educated middle class. The maxim of divide and rule was being followed to check on the Bengalis expressing patriotic views based on Western Liberal Ideas.
Conclusion:
Mention about the with the intent behind partition of Bengal to create mutual animosity rather than stated intent of administrative convenience and Indian response to it.
Topic: The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Chapter 11 – India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 as mentioned in Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To discuss and contrast the ideologies and methods of Moderates and Extremists which ultimately resulted in the Surat Split.
Directive word:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Mention the similarities between the Moderates and extremists such as love for the nation, using Congress as a platform for political reforms etc.
Body:
Bring out the shortcomings of liberal moderates and their disconnect with the masses and the rise of extremists to fill this gap. Contrast the ideas of Extremists vis-à-vis the Moderates such as use of methods of appeals as against the radical moves, belief in masses, use of press with a strong language against the British by Tilak, personalities such as Aurobindo promoting superiority of our own civilisation etc.
Mention their differences on swaraj and the disagreements on the swadeshi movements.
Conclusion:
Mention that although the end was to attain Swaraj, the means to achieve it was different in the eyes of the Moderates and Extremists and that mutual distrust lead to the Surat split.
Topic: population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
India is at a peculiar stage in its demographic transition, characterized by a bulge in its youth population, which can be a window of opportunity to accelerate growth. However, a parallelly occurring phenomenon that requires equal attention is rapid ageing.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand and highlight the follow up challenge of demographic dividend i.e. high old-age dependency ratio and suggest steps to account for it in policymaking.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the demographic transition and India’s vantage point in this transition.
Body:
Mention the advantages of having high demographic dividend and how India can reap benefits from it. Also, highlight the challenge of Rapid Ageing due to falling fertility rates and increased life expectancy, following the phenomena of demographic dividend.
India’s demography in 2050 and the pressure to have a sound Pension system to ensure income security at the same time, mitigating the fiscal costs of high old-age dependency ratio.
Mention the existing policy for care of the elderly and its shortcomings.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Past few years, there are various instances of speakers showing Partisan behaviour. This article suggests measures for having independent and impartial speaker.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of having non-partisan speaker and suggest steps to ensure his/her neutrality.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Mention the role of speaker as envisaged by the constitution – their roles and responsibility.
Body:
Write about how over the recent year’s speakers have acted in political manner with respect to discharge of their constitutional duties. Cite examples from the parliament and state legislatures and bring out the impact of partisan conduct of speakers.
Suggest reforms to ensure the speaker remains independent, impartial and performs his duty according to ideals guided by the constitution and not any political affiliations.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Role of civil services in a democracy.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Several committees have made several recommendations on the issue of reforms for a healthy police system. But have yielded mixed results. This article suggests reforms that are needed.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about various attempts and reforming the police force in India, its impact and further measures need to augment it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning importance of police in maintaining law and order in the country.
Body:
In the first part of the body, mention the various attempts at reforming policing in India. National Police Commission (1978-82); Ribero committee (1998); the Padmanabhaiah Committee on restructuring of Police (2000); and the Malimath Committee on reforms in Criminal Justice System (2002-03). The recommendations of Supreme Court in Prakash Singh case and D.K Basu case. In brief mention key suggestions of each.
In the next part, mention reasons as why reforms have not yielded desired results and failed to bring about a change. Mention systemic factors, attitudinal factors, and political factors etc which are responsible for this. Use recent examples such as Jayaraj and Felix case from Tamil Nadu to substantiate your points.
Next, suggest measures to have an efficient, empathetic, sensitive, responsive and an accountable police force.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward
General Studies – 3
Topic: changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
In a major move aimed at boosting exports and offering relief to exporters, the government has notified the Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) scheme scheme guidelines and rates.
Key Demand of the question:
To compare and contrast RoDTEP and MEIS as well as to comment on the potential of RoDTEP in boosting exports.
Directive word:
Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the aims and objectives of RoDTEP scheme which replaced the MEIS.
Body:
You can draw a table to compare RoDTEP and MEIS. You can use parameters such as nature of incentives offered, WTO Compliance, Incentive Percentage, Mode of Issuance and Transferability.
Next, mention how RoDTEP will support domestic industry and make it more competitive in the international markets. Export centric industries will be reformed and introduced to better mechanisms so as to boost exports, generate employment and contribute to the overall economy.
Also, mention some concerns with the RoDTEP scheme – Rate of tax reimbursement, pandemic related bottlenecks and leveraging on future opportunities etc. Suggest steps to address these concerns.
Conclusion:
Summarise how if properly executed RoDTEP can achieve ambitious target of achieving $1 trillion in exports by 2025.
General Studies – 4
Topic: ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions;
Difficulty level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Abstract Thursdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To highlight the intent and method adopted by the draft bill and the ethical issues surrounding it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by mentioning about the proposed two child policy in the draft bill and having two child, being a qualifier to get access to government schemes and subsidies.
Body:
Mention the issues surrounding the bill such as possibility of sudden high births, as young couples would try to have two babies in succession and get a sterilisation certificate as soon as possible. Bring out the ethicality of the incentives that are offered to adherence to the policy and ‘punishment’ in terms of disqualification etc for non-compliance.
Further, if couples have a child that is disabled, then they are entitled to a third child. This notion simply treats the disabled child as a no-child as per the draft bill. This is against the tenet of the rights of persons with disability as laid down in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Ethical issues such as compromise on the dignity and equal opportunities in society arises etc.
Conclusion:
Need for an attitudinal change towards population control rather than coercive one.
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