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General Studies – 1
Topic: population and associated issues
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article critically analyses the coercive policies of population control.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the statement and justify as to why it is a bad idea.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
The number of missing girls at birth has increased from 35 lakh in 1987-96 to 55 lakh in 2007-16. Such laws might worsen the sex ratio in states where sex-selective abortion is still practised.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
First explain the recent trends being witnessed with respect to population policies in Indian states.
Present the case study of UP population control Bill, point out the flaws.
Suggest what needs to be done? Bringing educational reforms and giving choices for family planning would work more appropriately. This would lead to an overall improvement in the fertility outcome of the state as well as at the national level.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government schemes
2. Critically analyse the pros and cons of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema Yojana (PMFBY) . (250 words)
Reference: Times of India
Why the question:
The article presents to us the issues with PMFBY and recommendations to make it more efficient.
Key Demand of the question:
One must critically analyse the pros and cons of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema Yojana (PMFBY).
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
A parliamentary panel has expressed concerns over withdrawal or non-implementation of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema Yojana (PMFBY) in few states and held that more such examples will defeat the very purpose of the scheme.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
The question is straightforward and there isn’t much to deliberate upon. One must discuss in detail the pros and cons of the PMFBY.
Discuss what the issues in detail are first.
Suggest the recommendations made by the panel to overcome these concerns.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way ahead.
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The question is premised on the issues associated with collegium system of India in the appointment of Judges.
Key Demand of the question:
Analyse as to why the collegium system, while the best for judicial appointments, needs course corrections in our country.
Directive:
Substantiate – When you are asked to Substantiate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences. You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by collegium system.
Body:
The Collegium System was introduced in response to the executive interference in judicial appointments. However, this system has failed to protect judicial appointments from executive interference. It is due to the reasons like Post-retirement appointments of judges.
At present, the collegium comprises of CJI (Chief Justice of India) and 4 senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. Despite various criticisms and attempts to reform the appointments and transfers process, the collegium system still persists and remains stronger.
Discuss the criticisms of the Collegium System. Present suggestions to address these flaws.
Conclusion:
Conclude that reforming the collegium system is a good step in right direction.
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Pakistan has finalized draft legislation to incorporate Gilgit-Baltistan, the region known before 2009 as Northern Areas, as a province of the country.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the strategic significance of Gilgit-Baltistan region and discuss what the conflict is and solution to the crisis.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief history of the Gilgit-Baltistan Issue.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss in detail the Strategic importance of the region.
Explain what are the stands of India and Pakistan on the region? Where lays the conflict of Perceptions.
Expound upon what local people want.
Suggest suitable solutions to address the issue.
Conclusion:
Conclude that what makes GB’s conundrum intricate is that, despite 73 years of independence, it is still unable to achieve what it strove for. Various governments in Pakistan have tried in the past to regulate the issues of GB through reforms and executive orders, most recent being plans to give GB provincial status. But the question remains whether the Government of Pakistan can bring GB into the ambit of Pakistan’s constitution.
General Studies – 3
Topic: issues related to Indian economy and unemployment
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article signifies the need to formulate a wage employment-based national urban livelihood scheme on lines of MGNREGA.
Key Demand of the question:
Account for the need to formulate a wage employment-based national urban livelihood scheme on lines of MGNREGA.
Directive:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what MGNREGA is.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
First, discuss briefly the impact of COVID on the economy – World Economic outlook report presents a grim picture of the global economy. It states that – all of the world countries excluding China experienced economic contraction last year. Global GDP shrunk by 3.3% and Indian GDP shrunk by 8%. A similar impact can be seen on the unemployment rate.
Talk about the Rural-Urban Livelihood Divide.
Discuss why the scheme can play pivotal role in urban areas too.
Conclusion:
Conclude that the scheme will work as an “economic vaccine” and will protect people against unemployment.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Reference: India Express
Why the question:
The article goes into the depth of why India has failed to attract private participation in railway sector.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the issues related to Privatization of Indian Railways while suggesting solutions to address the same.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
On July 1, 2020, the Indian Railways launched the formal process of inviting private parties to run trains on the Indian railway system. However, hopes of a large participation were dashed as there were no bids for nine clusters and only two bids for three clusters.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Explain that Indian railway wants capital and technology infusion but it doesn’t want to give up control. The private players have to invest in huge proportions with a huge risk of uncertain returns.
India needs to align three strategies- design state of the art stock, have private investment and generate profits. Specifically for technology, India will have to build capacity at research, university and incubator levels to develop sufficient base in the domain.
Discuss in detail the underlying reasons.
Present suggestions to address the issue.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Land reforms in India.
Reference: Indian geography by Majid Hussain
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper III , part land use changes.
Key Demand of the question:
One must account for land use changes in India, mention various factors driving them in the last few decades. Also discuss the consequences of changing land use pattern.
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by land use change in India.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Give a brief introduction about land use categories in India.
Then give a brief account of land use change in last few decades.
Bring out various factors behind these changes in land use.
Discuss the consequences of changing land use pattern.
Conclusion:
Conclude suitably.
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