[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 12 February 2023 – INSIGHTSIAS

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Is a woman irrespective of her income/financial status eligible for free legal aid?
  • Yes, a woman is entitled for free legal aid irrespective of her income or financial status. A woman is eligible to apply for free legal aid by virtue of Section 12(c) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
• Till what age can a child apply for free legal aid?
  • A child is eligible for free legal aid till the age of majority i.e. 18 years. This is effectuated by Section 12 (c) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
• Are senior citizens eligible for free legal aid?
  • Senior citizens’ eligibility for free legal aid depends on the Rules framed by the respective State Governments in this regard.
  • In Delhi for example, senior citizens are eligible for free legal aid subject to the prescribed ceiling of annual income. Any individual above the age of 60 can apply for free legal aid/services.
• Who are Entitled to Free Legal Services?
  • The sections of the society as enlisted under Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act are entitled for free legal services, they are :
    • (a) A member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe;
    • (b) A victim of trafficking in human beings or begar as referred to in Article 23 of the Constitution;
    • (c) A woman or a child;
    • (d) A mentally ill or otherwise disabled person;
    • (e) A person under circumstances of undeserved want such as being a victim of a mass disaster, ethnic violence, caste atrocity, flood, drought, earthquake or industrial disaster; or
    • (f) An industrial workman; or
    • (g) In custody, including custody in a protective home within the meaning of clause (g) of Section 2 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956(104 of 1956); or in a juvenile home within the meaning of clause(j) of Section 2 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 (53 of 1986); or in a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric nursing home within the meaning of clause (g) of Section 2 of the Mental Health Act, 1987(14 of 1987);or
    • (h) a person in receipt of annual income less than the amount mentioned in the following schedule (or any other higher amount as may be prescribed by the State Government), if the case is before a Court other than the Supreme Court, and less than Rs 5 Lakh, if the case is before the Supreme Court.
  • Refer: https://nalsa.gov.in/services/legal-aid/eligibility

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/review-of-the-working-of-free-legal-aid/

Correct

Ans: (b )

Explanation:

• Context: The Supreme Court has criticized the National Green Tribunal (NGT) for frequently issuing ex parte orders without hearing affected parties and imposing substantial damages amounting to crores of rupees.
• The National Green Tribunal, established in 2010, as per the National Green Tribunal Act is a specialized judicial body equipped with expertise solely for the purpose of adjudicating environmental cases in the country.
• The Tribunal is tasked with providing an effective and expeditious remedy in cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests and other natural resources and enforcement of any legal right relating to the environment. The Tribunal’s orders are binding and it has power to grant relief in the form of compensation and damages to affected persons.
• The Tribunal’s orders are enforceable as the powers vested are the same as in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
• The Tribunal has powers to review its own decisions. If this fails, the decision can be challenged before the Supreme Court within ninety days.
• The Tribunal is an open court and its proceedings can be attended in person.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/national-green-tribunal-ngt-and-its-functioning/

Correct

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: The Ministry of Tourism has included the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Ajanta and Ellora Caves in its Swadesh Darshan Scheme II, aimed at developing sustainable tourism destinations in India
• S1:The rock-cut caves of Ajanta lie in Waghora river valley near Ajanta village in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
• S2: Sanchi lies in an upland plateau region just west of the Betwa River.
• S3: Pandu-lena caves is an ancient rock-cut sculptures complex located at Gomai River.
• S4: Amaravati stupa is located in the gorges of Krishna river.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/ajanta-and-ellora-caves-under-swadesh-darshan-scheme/

Correct

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Context: The Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour, will be awarded to former Prime Ministers P.V. Narasimha Rao and Choudhary Charan Singh, along with Green Revolution pioneer M.S. Swaminathan, making this year’s list the longest-ever announced in a single year.
• Except Verghese Kurien, rest all were received Bharat Ratna
• 1954–1960
  • Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman (1954)Bhagwan Das, M. Visvesvaraya, and Jawaharlal Nehru (1955)Govind Ballabh Pant (1957)Dhondo Keshav Karve (1958)
• 1961–1980
  • Bidhan Chandra Roy, and Purushottam Das Tandon (1961)Rajendra Prasad (1962)Zakir Husain, and Pandurang Vaman Kane (1963)Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966)Indira Gandhi (1971)V. V. Giri (1975)K. Kamaraj (1976)Mother Teresa (1980)
• 1981–2000
  • Vinoba Bhave (1983)Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987)M. G. Ramachandran (1988)B. R. Ambedkar, and Nelson Mandela (1990)Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai (1991)Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata and Satyajit Ray (1992)Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997)M. S. Subbulakshmi, and C. Subramaniam (1998)Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar (1999)
• 2001–2020
  • Lata Mangeshkar, and Bismillah Khan (2001)Bhimsen Joshi (2008)C. N. R. Rao, and Sachin Tendulkar (2014)Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015)Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen Hazarika, and Pranab Mukherjee (2019)
• 2021–2040
  • Karpoori Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, Charan Singh, P. V. Narasimha Rao, and M. S. Swaminathan (2024)

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/bharat-ratna/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: Some experts are proposing the creation of a new hurricane category, Category 6, to account for increasingly intense tropical storms driven by climate change.
• Hurricanes are formed over warm ocean waters as low-pressure systems. These warm waters provide the necessary energy for the storm to intensify. As warm, moist air rises from the ocean’s surface, it creates an area of low pressure below, which draws in more air from surrounding areas. This continuous cycle of warm air rising and cooler air sinking creates the conditions necessary for a hurricane to form and strengthen. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/category-6-hurricanes/

Correct

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Context: Researchers have identified a new species of nematode, called Steinernema adamsi, that could be used to control crop pests in warm, humid regions.
  • These nematodes belong to the Steinernema family, known for their use in agriculture to combat insect parasites without pesticides.
  • The nematodes are efficient insect killers, with the ability to rapidly multiply in the soil after infecting their hosts.
• Nematodes are microscopic, roundworms that are one of the most common life forms on Earth. They are also known as roundworms or eelworms and are part of the phylum Nematoda.
• Nematodes are found on every continent, including deserts, swamps, oceans, the tropics, and Antarctica. Most species are free-living and feed on microorganisms, but many are parasiti Parasitic worms can cause soil-transmitted helminthiases.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/nematodes/

Correct

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1 accurately describes the genome as the entirety of an organism’s genetic material, encompassing both coding and non-coding regions.
• S3: Mutations in the genome can indeed lead to variations in traits within a population, but this statement alone does not fully encapsulate the concept of a genome.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/infexntm/

Correct

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: Researchers at the Raman Research Institute (RRI) have developed a new image-correction technique to enhance the study of cold atoms, particularly those at absolute zero temperatures.
• S1: Bose-Einstein condensation occurs when a dilute gas of bosons, such as certain isotopes of helium or rubidium, is cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically near absolute zero. This allows the bosons to collectively occupy the lowest energy quantum state, leading to macroscopic quantum phenomena.
• S2: At the condensation point, a large fraction of bosons collapse into the lowest quantum state, forming a macroscopic wave function. This behavior is a hallmark of Bose-Einstein condensation.
• S3: Bose-Einstein condensation is not limited to solid-state systems; it can occur in dilute gasses of bosons, including atomic gasses and certain types of quasiparticles in condensed matter systems.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/ultracold-atoms/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) in Bengaluru has successfully conducted the first test of a solar-powered “pseudo satellite” called HAPS (High-Altitude Pseudo Satellite), a new type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
• HAPS can fly at altitudes of 18-20 km, remain airborne for months or even years, and offer surveillance capabilities similar to satellites but at a lower cost.
• HAPS development addresses the need for continuous surveillance of border areas, inspired by events like the Doklam standoff in 2017.
• HAPS has potential applications in disaster response and providing mobile communication networks in remote areas.
• Other countries like China, South Korea, and the UK are also developing similar technology.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/the-high-altitude-pseudo-satellite-vehicle-haps/

Correct

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Context: NASA’s PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem) satellite was successfully launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket to be placed in a sun-synchronous orbit.
• PACE aims to study how climate change impacts ocean phytoplankton blooms, which are crucial for the marine food web.
• Additionally, it will investigate the influence of airborne particles on cloud formation and the Earth’s temperature regulation.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/02/12/pace-satellite/