[MISSION 2024] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 11 August 2023 – INSIGHTSIAS

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• From its inception in 1950 and till 15 October 1989, the election commission functioned as a single member body consisting of the Chief Election Commissioner. On 16 October 1989, the president appointed two more election commissioners to cope with the increased work of the election
• commission on account of lowering of the voting age from 21 to 18 years. Thereafter, the Election Commission functioned as a multi member body consisting of three election commissioners.
• Any other election commissioner or a regional commissioner cannot be removed from office except on the recommendation of the chief election commissioner.
• EC determines the territorial areas of the electoral constituencies throughout the country on the basis of the Delimitation Commission Act of Parliament.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/centres-bill-on-election-commission-appointments/

Correct

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Though the constitution has sought to safeguard and ensure the independence and impartiality of the Election Commission, some flaws can be noted, viz.,
• The Constitution has not prescribed the qualifications (legal, educational, administrative or judicial) of the members of the Election Commission.
• The Constitution has not specified the term of the members of the Election Commission.
• The Constitution has not debarred the retiring election commissioners from any further appointment by the government.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/centres-bill-on-election-commission-appointments/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/centres-bill-on-election-commission-appointments/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Constitution of India provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) in chapter V under Part V. The CAG is mentioned in the Constitution of India under Article 148 – 151. He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He is the guardian of the public purse and controls the financial system of the country at both the levels- the centre and state. His duty is to uphold the Constitution of India and the laws of Parliament in the field of financial administration.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/cag-audit-national-social-assistance-programme-nsap/

Correct

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• About The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) is a welfare programme first launched in 1995 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme and administered by the Ministry of Rural Development. It was included in the ‘Core of Core’ schemes of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) in 2016.
• Aim: To provide social assistance to Below Poverty Line (BPL) households, specifically targeting the elderly, disabled individuals, widows, etc.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/cag-audit-national-social-assistance-programme-nsap/

Correct

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) was appointed under the Information Technology (IT) Act 2000 of MeitY, to issue certificates only to Certifying Authorities (CAs). CAs issue Digital Signature Certificates to end entities.
• Digital Signatures are valid under IT Act 2000. For identifying and verifying CAs, CCA established the Root Certifying Authority of India (RCAI) under IT Act.

Refer:  https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/indian-web-browser-development-challenge-iwbdc/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Context: A team of scientists has used computational techniques to design a novel 2D composite quantum material that exhibits an exotic quantum property called Rashba splitting.
• Rashba splitting refers to the splitting of energy levels in materials due to spin-orbit coupling. It is a quantum mechanical effect that can occur in both insulators and conductors. Rashba splitting is significant enough to have many practical applications, such as in spintronics devices.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/scientists-design-2d-composite-quantum-material/

Correct

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Statement A: Quantum materials are only relevant in the field of condensed matter physics. This statement is incorrect. Quantum materials are relevant in many fields of physics, not just condensed matter physics. Quantum materials are also relevant in the fields of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics. For example, quantum materials are used in the development of quantum computers, which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics.
• Statement B: Quantum materials exhibit classical behavior at all temperature ranges. This statement is incorrect. Some quantum materials, such as superconductors, only exhibit quantum behavior at very low temperatures. Other quantum materials, such as topological insulators, can exhibit quantum behavior at room temperature. For example, topological insulators are a type of quantum material that conducts electricity on their surface, but not in their interior. This property is only possible because of quantum mechanical effects.
• Statement C: Superconductors are an example of quantum materials. This statement is correct. Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with zero resistance. This is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that cannot be explained by classical physics. Superconductors are an important example of quantum materials because they have many potential applications, such as in power transmission and medical imaging.
• Statement D: Quantum materials violate the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. This statement is incorrect. Quantum materials obey the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, but they may exhibit properties that are not possible in classical physics. For example, quantum materials can exhibit wave-particle duality and tunneling. Wave-particle duality is the property of objects having both wave-like and particle-like properties. Tunneling is the phenomenon of an object passing through a barrier that would be classically impossible to pass through. These properties are possible because of the quantum mechanical nature of matter.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/scientists-design-2d-composite-quantum-material/

Correct

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1: Quantum computers use qubits (quantum bits) to store and process information. Unlike classical computers that use classical bits (0s and 1s), qubits can exist in a superposition of states, allowing quantum computers to perform multiple calculations simultaneously.
• S2: This statement is incorrect. Quantum computers can perform calculations in various bases, not just binary. They can work with quantum gates that manipulate qubits’ superpositions and entanglement to perform complex computations.
• S3: This statement is incorrect. Quantum computers are particularly well-suited for solving optimization problems. They can efficiently solve certain types of optimization problems through quantum annealing and other quantum algorithms, potentially outperforming classical computers in these scenarios.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/scientists-design-2d-composite-quantum-material/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: This statement is false. Spintronics, short for spin transport electronics, focuses on the intrinsic spin of electrons in addition to their fundamental electronic charge. Unlike traditional electronics, which primarily relies on the charge of electrons, Spintronics uses both the charge and spin properties of electrons.
• S2: The basic unit of information in Spintronics is the electron’s spin state. Spintronics is a field of study that deals with the use of the electron’s spin in addition to its charge for information processing and storage. The spin state of an electron can be used to represent a binary digit (0 or 1), and this can be used to encode information.
• S3:This statement is false. Spintronics has significant potential applications in various fields, especially in computing and data storage. It allows for the development of more efficient and higher-capacity memory devices and processors.
• S4: This statement is false. Spintronics is not solely focused on traditional electronics. It’s an emerging field of study that combines both spin and charge properties of electrons to create new types of electronic devices that can be more energy-efficient and faster than conventional electronics.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/08/11/scientists-design-2d-composite-quantum-material/