[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 25 May 2023 – INSIGHTSIAS

Correct

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 194 member states. It is the world’s highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states.
• The members of the WHA generally meet every year in May in Geneva at the Palace of Nations, the location of WHO Headquarters. The main tasks of the WHA are to decide major policy questions, as well as to approve the WHO work programme and budget and elect its Director-General (every fifth year) and annually to elect ten members to renew part of its executive board.
• Its main functions are to determine the policies of the Organization, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/05/25/76th-world-health-assembly/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Formerly known as the International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs), GAHNRI is a global network of NHRIs.
• It is constituted as a non-profit entity (under Swiss law) and Secretariat support is provided by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
• It coordinates the relationship between NHRIs and the UN human rights system.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/05/25/national-human-rights-commission/

Correct

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• It is very well acknowledged that the structure of GST requires significant reforms. Notably, almost 50% of the consumption items included in the consumer price index are in the exemption list; broadening the base of the tax requires significant pruning of these items.
• The present structure is far too complicated with four main rates (5%, 12%, 18% and 28%). This is in addition to special rates on precious and semi-precious stones and metals and cess on ‘demerit’ and luxury items at rates varying from 15% to 96% of the tax rate applicable.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/05/25/gst-has-begun-to-show-sustained-growth/

Correct

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The scheme is aimed at enhancing connectivity to remote and regional areas of the country and making air travel affordable.
• It is a key component of Centre’s National Civil Aviation Policy led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and launched in June 2016.
• Under the scheme, nearly half of the seats in Udan flights are offered at subsidised fares, and the participating carriers are provided a certain amount of viability gap funding (VGF) – an amount shared between the Centre and the concerned states.
• The scheme will be jointly funded by the central government and state governments.
• The scheme will run for 10 years and can be extended thereafter.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/05/25/udan-5-1/

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• India’s first supercomputer was PARAM 8000. It was followed by PARAM Shivay, PARAM Shakti, PARAM Brahma, PARAM Yukti, and PARAM Sanganak, installed at various institutions in India.
• The National Supercomputing Mission is jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/05/25/ai-supercomputer-airawat/

Correct

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 and 3: The Ryotwari system was devised by Capt. Alexander Read and Thomas Munro at the end of the 18th century. It was later introduced by Thomas Munro when he was governor (1820–27) of Madras.
• Statement 2: He is associated with the Cornwallis Code 1793 and could not have been the answer since his tenure preceded the ryotwari settlement regime.
• The principle behind Roytwari was the direct collection of the land revenue from each individual cultivator by government agents.
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/ryotwari-system

Refer: UPSC CSE 2017

Correct

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Statement 1: Bioremediation uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances.
• Statement 2: Always be cautious of extreme statements and words as we have repeatedly pointed out in our 2017 Prelims Test Series. Completely and readily (quickly) are such words here.
• Bio-remediation is a slow process, so. Heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are NOT readily absorbed or captured by microorganisms. UPSC had lifted this straight from Wikipedia.
• Statement 3: This will be a standard practice in the industry in coming years. For e.g.  Alcanivorax, a bacteria with oil-eating abilities, can be used to create species that are much more capable of cleaning oil spills.
• https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160509115556.htm
• https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-microbes-clean-up-oil-spills/

Refer: UPSC CSE 2017

Correct

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Prior to the year 1947 (India’s Independence), The Trade Disputes Act, 1929 used to settle industrial disputes.
• Tribunals: The main object of the 1929 Act was to make provisions for establishment of Courts of Inquiry and Boards of Conciliation with a view to investigate and settle trade disputes.
• Strikes: The Act prohibited strikes or lock-outs without notice in public utility services; it also made any strike or lock-out illegal which had any object other than the furtherance of a trade dispute within the trade or industry.
• http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/8113/12/12_chapter%203.pdf

Refer: UPSC CSE 2017

Correct

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Option B: Decentralization and grass roots empowerment are the core guiding principles of local self-government as under 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment. For e.g. Gram Panchayats can sanction sanitation and welfare projects on their own.
• Option A: Local bodies are not federal entities as is the position of states in India.
• Option C: This isn’t administrative delegation because local self-government bodies are political entities that are elected directly (or indirectly) by people and managed by their representatives.
• Option D: Since it involves election and indirect decision making by people’s representatives, there can be no direct democracy (where all decisions are made directly by the people).

Refer: UPSC CSE 2017