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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
1. Compare and contrast the Sufi and the Bhakti movement in India. What were the factors that led to emergence of Bhakti movement? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about differences and similarities between Sufi and Bhakti and factors behind rise of bhakti.
Directive word:
Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving defining Bhakti and the Sufi movements.
Body:
First, write about the various differences between Sufi and Bhakti movement.
Next, write about certain similarities between the Sufi and Bhakti movement.
Next, write about the factors that played a part in the emergence of Bhakti – role of alvars and Nayanars, the acharyas, priestly hegemony, use of vernacular literature etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning significance of Sufi and Bhakti to Indian society.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
2. What are the different ways in which poverty is measured in India? Though the statistics point to a reduction in poverty in the last decade but India remains far from achieving Sustainable Development Goal-1 (SDG-1). Examine. How can SDG-1 be achieved by 2030? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
The all-India poverty ratio in 2020-21 is 17.9%, compared to 21.9% in 2011-12, with lower poverty in urban India compared to rural India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the measurement of poverty, reasons for poverty despite poverty alleviation measures and ways to SDG-1.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving context regarding the reduction in poverty by citing a statistic.
Body:
First, write about the various ways to measure poverty – National Sample Survey (NSS) based per capita consumption, Income based poverty line, consumption-based poverty line, Poverty line basket, Various committees and international standards etc.
Next, write about the reasons as to why despite poverty alleviation measures poverty is at a higher rate in India.
Next, write about ways to achieve SDG-1.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to achieve SDG-1.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
3. Given our developmental targets and ambition, a massive scale-up in capacity-building is needed at the bureaucratic level. In this context, discuss the role of Mission Karmayogi in efficiency in action for producing maximum results. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
Recently, the Government of India’s Mission Karmayogi programme to build civil service capacity received a $47 million boost from the World Bank.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role of Mission Karmayogi in achieving India’s developmental targets.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving aims and objectives of Mission Karmayogi.
Body:
First, write about the scale up needed up bureaucratic levels to achieve developmental targets. Mention the changes that are needed.
Next, write about Missions Karmayogi , its features and how it will play a part in the above by competency driven capacity building approach that focuses on imparting competencies critical to discharge its roles.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
4. What is Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)? Throw light on FPI regime as a route for foreign investment in India. Examine the impact of FPI withdrawal on the Indian economy. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Foreign portfolio investors have pulled out Rs 42,000 crore this month amid rising inflation and monetary policy tightening in the US.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about FPI, its importance and impact of its withdrawal.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining FPI. Cite statistic related to the extent of FPI in India.
Body:
In the first part, write about importance of FPI as mode of investment and its importance to the Indian economy.
Next, give context regarding the withdrawal of FPI due to rising inflation and monetary policy tightening in the US. Write about the impact of the withdrawal on macroeconomic parameters.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to ensure that withdrawal of FPI does not affect the economy.
Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
5. Soil Security and Food and Nutrition Security are interconnected. Soil degradation drives food insecurity and sustainable interventions are urgently needed in this regard. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
A key element of sustainable food production is healthy soil because nearly 95 per cent of global food production depends on soil. The current status of soil health is worrisome.
Key Demand of the question:
To write role of soil conservation in food security and interventions need to preserve soil health.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context and developing link between Soil Security and Food and Nutrition Security.
Body:
First, elaborate on the link between Soil Security and Food and Nutrition Security in detail. Cite statistics and examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the various causes of soil degradation and its impact.
Next, write about the various steps that are required to counter it.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
6. The process of burning farm residue is one of the major causes of air pollution in parts of north India, deteriorating the air quality. Moreover, the inability to convert stubble as fodder leads to economic losses as well. Examine. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
A strange paradox emerged in the primary economic sector in India recently: A section of farmers, especially in Punjab, burnt the residue after harvesting their wheat even as fodder prices shot up.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues related to stubble burning and discuss the role bio-decomposers can play in tackling it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Explain what is stubble burning and the reasons why it is undertaken.
Body:
First, wite about the effects of the stubble burning on air quality in north India and it impact on health and ecosystem.
Next, write as to how the inability to use stubble as fodder is an economic loss.
Next, policy measures that have been takin this regard so far and examine the effectiveness in addressing the problem. explain bio-decomposers, their functioning and efficacy in addressing the issue of stubble burning.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to tackling stubble burning holistically.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Case Study
7. You are Vice Principal of a degree college in one of the middle-class towns. The principal has recently retired and management is looking for his replacement. There are also feelers that the management may promote you as Principal. In the meantime, during the annual examination, the flying squad which came from the university caught two students red-handed involving in unfair means. A senior lecturer of the college was personally helping these students in this act. This senior lecturer also happens to be close to the management. One of the students was the son of a local politician who was responsible for getting college affiliated to the present reputed university. The second student was the son of a local businessman who has donated maximum funds for running the college. You immediately informed the management regarding this unfortunate incident. The management told you to resolve the issue with the flying squad at any cost. They further said that such an incident will not only tarnish the image of the college but also the politician and the businessman are very important personalities for the functioning of the college. You were also given hint that your further promotion to Principal depends on your capability in resolving this issue with the flying squad. In the meantime, you were intimidated by your administrative officer that certain members of the student union are protesting outside the college gate against the senior lecturer and the students involved in this incident are demanding strict action against defaulters.
a) Discuss the ethical issue involved in the case.
b) Critically examine the options available with you as Vice Principal. What option will you adopt and why? (250 words) (UPSC 2021)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In brief, mention the facts of the case
Body:
Give the major ethical issues involved along with the stakeholders.
Write the various alternatives which you can take as the course of action. Evaluate their pros and cons.
Select the best alternative which solves the issue and is ethically justified. Give solutions for any cons that arise from the possible solution.
Conclusion:
Stress on the importance of fortitude in such cases.
Tags: Case Study.
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