[Mission 2023] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 23 June 2022 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: d)

Any case pending before the court can be referred to the Lok Adalat for settlement if:

• theparties thereof agree to settle the dispute in the Lok Adalat; or
• one of the parties thereof makes an application to the court, for referring the case to the Lok Adalat; or
• the court is satisfied that thematter is an appropriate one to be taken cognizance of by the Lok Adalat. In the case of a pre-litigation dispute, the matter can be referred to the Lok Adalat for settlement by the agency organizing the Lok Adalat, on receipt of an application from any one of the parties to the dispute.

Advantages of Lok Adalat

• There isno court fee and if the court fee is already paid the amount will be refunded if the dispute is settled at Lok Adalat. In other words, it is less expensive.
• The basic features of Lok Adalat are the procedural flexibility and speedy trialof the disputes.
• There is no strict application of procedural lawslike the Civil Procedure Code and the Evidence Act while assessing the claim by Lok Adalat.
• Parties are free to discuss their differences of opinion without any fear of disclosure before any law courts.
• The parties to the dispute can directly interact with the judge through their counsel, which is not possible in regular courts of law.

Solution: c)

MGNREGA:

• The scheme was introduced as a social measure that guarantees “the right to work”.
• The key tenet of this social measure and labour law is that the local government will have to legally provide at least 100 days of wage employment in rural India to enhance their quality of life.
• Proactively ensuring social inclusion by strengthening the livelihood base of rural poor.
• Creation of durable assets in rural areas such as wells, ponds, roads and canals.
• Must be Citizen of India to seek MGNREGA benefits.
• Job seeker has completed 18 years of age at the time of application.
• The applicant must be part of a local household (i.e. application must be made with local Gram Panchayat).
• Applicants must volunteer for unskilled labour.
• The Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Govt of India is monitoringthe entire implementation of this scheme in association with state governments.
• Individual beneficiary-oriented works can be taken up on the cards of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, small or marginal farmers or beneficiaries of land reforms or beneficiaries under the Indira Awaas Yojana of the Government of India.
• Within 15 days of submitting the application or from the day work is demanded, wage employment will be provided to the applicant.
• Right to get unemployment allowance in case employment is not provided within fifteen days of submitting the application or from the date when work is sought.
• Social Audit of MGNREGA works is mandatory, which lends to accountability and transparency.
• The Gram Sabha is the principal forum for wage seekers to raise their voices and make demands.
• It is the Gram Sabha and the Gram Panchayat which approves the shelf of works under MGNREGA and fix their priority.

Solution: a)

High Court

• In the Indian scheme of judicial system, high court works below the Supreme Court.
• The judiciary in the state consists of a high court and a hierarchy of subordinate courts.
• The institution of the High Court originated in India in 1862when the high courts were set up at Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
• The constitution of India provides a high court for each state, however, the Parliament is authorized to declare a common high court for two or more states.
• Parliament has been empowered to extend or curtail the jurisdiction of a high court over a Union Territory.
• The number of judges in a high court, unlike the SupremeCourt, is decided by the President of India rather than the parliament.

Solution: d)

The Reserve Bank of India performs the supervisory function under the guidance of the Board for Financial Supervision (BFS). The Board was constituted in November 1994 as a committee of the Central Board of Directors of the Reserve Bank of India under the Reserve Bank of India (Board for Financial Supervision) Regulations, 1994.

The primary objective of BFS is to undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising Scheduled Commercial and Co-operative Banks, All India Financial Institutions, Local Area Banks, Small Finance Banks, Payments Banks, Credit Information Companies, Non-Banking Finance Companies and Primary Dealers.

The Board is constituted by co-opting four Directors from the Central Board as Members and is chaired by the Governor. The Deputy Governors of the Reserve Bank are ex-officio members. One Deputy Governor, traditionally, the Deputy Governor in charge of supervision, is nominated as the Vice-Chairman of the Board.

Solution: b)

Carbon sinks are natural systems that suck up and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The Earth’s land and oceans absorb about half of all carbon dioxide emissions from human activities.

Mangroves, seagrass beds and salt marshes store at least ten times more carbon than continental forests.

Sedimentary rocks in the Earth’s crust contain loads of carbon compounds, including the hydrocarbons we use as fossil fuels that leads to excess carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.

A forest is considered a carbon sink if it absorbs more carbon than it releases. Worryingly, the Amazon rainforest is now releasing instead of absorbing carbon dioxide.