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Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment
4. What is demographic dividend? Examine the impact of unemployment on India’s demographic dividend. Do you think high public sector employment can be a panacea to waning dividend due to unemployment? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
For a nation that has had a significant demographic dividend — the working age population is much larger than the non-working age sections — finding productive employment for its youth was to be an imperative for India. Yet, in the last few years, unemployment has remained a major concern — the leaked Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) in 2018 revealed that India’s unemployment rate was the highest (6.07%) in four decades.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about demographic dividend, how unemployment affects it and can public sector hiring be a panacea to it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining demographic dividend and its various features.
Body:
First, write about the impact of unemployment on demographic dividend – demographic dividend may turn into a liability in the absence of enough jobs and the required skilled workforce etc.
Next, write about how public sector employment can help utilise demographic dividend. Write boath sides of the argument which highlights the potential as well as limitations of public sector employment.
Next, suggest ways to overcome the limitations.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
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