[Mission 2023] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 17 June 2022 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: d)

India is also a signatory to several IPR related conventions, all of which govern various patent related matters. They include:

• Berne Convention-which governs copyright.
• The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure
• The Paris Convention-for the Protection of Industrial Property,
• The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Solution: c)

Indian Patents Act, 1970:

• It replaced the Indian Patents and Designs Act 1911.
• The Act was amended by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005, wherein product patent was extended to all fields of technology including food, drugs, chemicals and microorganisms.
• After the amendment, the provisions relating to Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMRs) have been repealed, and a provision for enabling grant of compulsory license has been introduced.
• The provisions relating to pre-grant and post-grant opposition have also been introduced.

Article 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act prevents the mere discovery of any new property or new use for a known substance from being patented as an invention unless it enhances the efficacy of the substance repetitively. This prevents what is known as “evergreening” of patents.

In respect of each of the main areas of intellectual property covered by the TRIPS Agreement, the Agreement sets out the minimum standards of protection to be provided by each Member. 

Solution: b)

• Angkor Wat is a temple complex in Cambodiaand one of the largest religious monuments in the world.
• It was originally constructed as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu for the Khmer Empire, it was gradually transformed into a Buddhist temple towards the end of the 12th century.
• It was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman IIin the early 12th century in Yaśodharapura (present-day Angkor), the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual mausoleum.
• The temple is constructed in the Dravidian style and the sculptures depict episodes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.

Solution: c)

It is a regional grouping that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation.

• It was established in August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration)by the founding fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
• Its chairmanship rotates annually, based on the alphabetical order of the English names of Member States.
• Members:
  Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Solution: a)

The policy provides guidelines for enhancing exports to push economic growth and create jobs and incentives under different schemes such as Duty-Free Import Authorisation (DFIA) and Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG).

The policy is formulated by the DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade), which is the governing body to promote & facilitate the exports & imports of the goods under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.