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General Studies – 1
Topic: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
1. Green Revolution was hugely successful in terms of improving agricultural productivity but its broader impact at social and environmental was limited. Elaborate. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Chapter – 33 – India Since Independence by Bipan Chandra
Why the question:
Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper –1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the pros and cons of green revolution in India.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of introduction of HYV in India in the face of acute food crisis leading to the green revolution.
Body:
In the first part, write about the pros and cons of the green revolution. The HYV technology increased agricultural output manifold, increase in yield of crops, fast adoption, modern equipment, self-sufficiency etc. Cons like disparities, ecological impact, use of chemical fertiliser etc.
Next part, write about the constraints that limited the spread of HYV – irrigation, lack of farmer’s knowledge, unsatisfactory land tenure system etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 2
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
2. Unresolved issues, unstable economic relations and varying domestic politics are affecting the relationships of various south Asian countries with India. Analyse. What steps are needed so that there can be a collective response to these challenges? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
After weeks of protests, Sri Lankan Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa stepped down this month, but that is not the only big political non-electoral change in the neighbourhood in 2021-22. Just a month ago, it was Pakistan; a year ago, it was Nepal. Power changed hands through more coercive means in Myanmar and Afghanistan.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about instability in south Asia and responses needed to collectively respond to it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the various unresolved issues in south Asia – Indo-Pak, Indo-Nepal, India-Sri Lanka etc.
Next, write about the unstable economic relations – bilateral trade, tariffs, economic crises etc.
Next, write about the varying domestic politics – Taliban takeover, removal of Imran Khan, Resignation of Rajapaksa etc.
Next, write about the collective responses that is needed in this regard.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
3. Trace the origins of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and evaluate its relevance in the present-day geopolitics. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
After decades of political neutrality, Nordic countries Finland and Sweden have applied to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), a military alliance that includes European countries, the U.S., and Canada.
Demand of the question:
To write about the origins of NATO and its present-day relevance.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Body:
First, briefly discuss the origins of NATO during the cold war.
Next, write about the significance of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – Represents 30 nations, one billion people, and half of the world’s economic and military might. Provided unprecedented peace and security for the Euro-Atlantic area; Acts as fundamental pillar of the international order being the most successful alliance in history.
Next, write about the role of NATO in the ongoing Ukraine crisis and the new potential additions in term of Finland and Norway.
Conclusion:
Conclude by Summarising.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
4. Adopting biofuels as an alternative source of energy can significantly improve farmers’ income, generate employment opportunities and reduce imports. Examine the role of National Biofuel Policy in promoting biofuels in the nation. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The Union Cabinet Wednesday advanced by five years its target for achieving 20% ethanol blending in petrol. The amended National Biofuel Policy-2018 has now set the new target for 2025-26 instead of 2030, apart from allowing more feedstock for production of biofuels and export of biofuels in specific cases.
Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of biofuels and the role of National Biofuel Policy in promoting biofuels.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining biofuels.
Body:
First, write about the various advantages associated with biofuels.
Next, write about the National Biofuel Policy, 2018 – to propel the use of biofuels in India, discussion should debate about the availability of resources, technology etc. and justify that one policy alone would not change the energy scenario but a framework regulating the energy sector in a multi-pronged approach is the need of the hour.
Next, write about the recent changes to the policy and its implications.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a balanced opinion regarding biofuels.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
5. Biosphere reserves promote solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are learning areas for sustainable development under diverse ecological, social and economic contexts. Discuss. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
According to the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services released in 2019 by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, the main global drivers of biodiversity loss are climate change, invasive species, over-exploitation of natural resources, pollution and urbanisation.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role of Biosphere reserves in conservation and sustainable development.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining a biosphere reserve and its various aspects.
Body:
First, write about the role of biosphere reserve in conservation and sustainable development – They are sites for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between social and ecological systems, including conflict prevention and management of biodiversity. They are places that provide local solutions to global challenges. Use examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the various threats to biosphere reserves and ways to protect them.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
6. 5G will do much more than to significantly improve the network connection. It provides new opportunities, enabling us to deliver ground-breaking solutions that reach across society. Discuss. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Union IT minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on Thursday made the first 5G call on a trial network set up at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras. “Aatmanirbhar 5G. Successfully tested 5G call.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the potential of 5G technology and how India could harness it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by stating details of 5G network and its frequency range.
Body:
First, mention the various potential benefits of 5G technology such as faster access to critical services, building smart cities, developing competitiveness with other nations in service delivery standards etc.
Next, discuss the challenges to roll out 5G such as high cost of installation, public apprehension regarding safety, need for a robust policy and Centre-state coordination etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Case Study.
7. Rakesh is a responsible district level officer, who enjoys the trust of his higher officials. Knowing his honesty, the government entrusted him with the responsibility of identifying the beneficiaries under a health care scheme meant for senior citizens.
The criteria to be a beneficiary are the following:
(a) 60 years of age or above.
(b) Belonging to a reserved community.
(c) Family income of less than 1 Lakh rupees per annum.
(d) Post-treatment prognosis is likely to be high to make a positive difference to the quality of life of the beneficiary.
One day, an old couple visited Rakesh’s office with their application. They have been the residents of a village in his district since their birth. The old man is diagnosed with a rare condition that causes obstruction in the large intestine. As a consequence, he has severe abdominal pain frequently that prevents him from doing any physical labour. The couple has no children to support them. The expert surgeon whom they contacted is willing to do the surgery without charging any fee. However, the couple will have to bear the cost of incidental charges, such as medicines, hospitalization, etc., to the tune of rupees one lakh. The couple fulfils all the criteria except criterion ‘b’. However, any financial aid would certainly make a significant difference in their quality of life.
How should Rakesh respond to the situation? (250 words) (UPSC2018)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Case Study Fridays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the facts of the case.
Body:
Write about the approach that Rakesh must take to help the couple while also not committing any unethical act in helping the couple. Mention alternate ways in which Rakesh can address the situation.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising on the need of empathy among civil servants towards weaker sections.
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