[MISSION 2022] INSIGHTS CURRENT AFFAIRS (19 May 2022 ) REVISION THROUGH MCQS – INSIGHTSIAS

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Supreme Court has invoked its extraordinary powers to do complete justice under Article 142 of the Constitution and ordered the release of A.G. Perarivalan in former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi assassination case.
• As per Article 142, “The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, and any decree so passed or orders so made shall be enforceable throughout the territory of India in such manner as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so made, in such manner as the President may by order prescribe”.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/what-is-article-142-3/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Radio Frequency Identification. It’s a wireless tracking system that consists of tags and readers. Radio waves are used to communicate information/identity of objects or people to nearby readers – devices that can be hand-held or built into fixed positions like poles or buildings. The tags can carry encrypted information, serial numbers and short descriptions. There are also high-memory tags like the ones designed for use in the aviation industry.
• Are there different types of RFID tags?
  • There are passive and active RFID tags. Active RFIDs use their own power source, mostly batteries. Active tags can ping information every few seconds like beacons, or they can get activated when a reader is in the proximity. Passive RFIDs, on the other hand, are activated through the reader using the electromagnetic energy it transmits. This is enough power for the tag to transmit information back to the reader. Active tags have a longer read range, around 300 ft, compared to passive tags.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/what-are-rfid-tags/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• From the policy document: “The scope of the Policy encompasses following categories of fuels as “Biofuels” which can be used as transportation fuel or in stationery applications:—
• ‘bioethanol’: ethanol produced from biomass such as sugar containing materials, like sugar cane, sugar beet, sweet sorghum etc.; starch containing materials such as corn, cassava, rotten potatoes, algae etc.; and, cellulosic materials such as bagasse, wood waste, agricultural and forestry residues or other renewable resources like industrial waste;
• ‘biodiesel’: a methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acids produced from non-edible vegetable oils, acid oil, used cooking oil or animal fat and bio-oil;

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/ethanol-blend-in-petrol-to-be-raised-to-20-in-3-years/

Ans: (d)

Explanation: About NGT:

• Established on 18th October, 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
• Established for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
• The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
• NGT is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same.
• With the establishment of the NGT, India became the third country in the world to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, only after Australia and New Zealand, and the first developing country to do so.
• The NGT deals with civil cases under the seven laws related to the environment, these include:
  • The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,
  • The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977,
  • The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980,
  • The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,
  • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,
  • The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and
  • The Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
• Importantly, the NGT has not been vested with powers to hear any matter relating to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Indian Forest Act, 1927 and various laws enacted by States relating to forests, tree preservation etc.

Refer:  https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/225632/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The commission has been established by law as autonomous of the government, and not by the constitution.
• The NHRC cannot by itself punish the guilty. That is the responsibility of courts. The NHRC is there to make independent and credible inquiry into any case of violation of human rights. Thus, its recommendations are not binding on neither the courts not the government.
• Any citizen of India can write a letter to the NHRC to complain against the violation of human rights. There is no fee or any formal procedure to approach the NHRC.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/225633/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• They are freshwater fish speciesused to be found widely in the Idamalayar Dam, Bhoothathankettu, and the Kol fields of Thrissur district, Kerala.
• However, indiscriminate fishing and changes in habitat conditions have brought these species, especially Kuruva Paral,to the brink of extinction.
• Conservation measures are taken up under the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)-India High Range Landscape project.
• The project was launched in January 2020.
• It aims to help trained aquaculturists among Adivasis to take up farming of these freshwater species.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/mission-2022-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-19-may-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation: About Lumbini:

• Lumbini is located in Rupandehi district of Nepal’s Lumbini province.
• It is believed to be the birthplace of the Shakya prince Siddhartha Gautam.
• It is described in Buddhist literature as a Pradimoksha-vana (sin-free forest).
• It was built by Anjana, king of the Koliya clan, for his queen Rupadevi or Rummindei.
• According to Buddhist literature, Lumbini was located on an ancient trade route passing through Kapilavastu (present location uncertain), Kushinagar (in modern-day Uttar Pradesh), and Vaishali, Pataliputra, Nalanda, and Rajgriha (all in today’s Bihar).

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/05/19/mission-2022-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-19-may-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Wood’s Despatch is called Magnacarta of English Education in India. As per this despatch:
• An education department was to be set in every province.
• Universities on the model of the London University be established in big cities such as Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
• At least one government school be opened in every district.
• Affiliated private schools should be given grant in aid.
• The Indian natives should be given training in their mother tongue also.
• In accordance with Wood’s despatch, Education Departments were established in every province and universities were opened at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1857 on the model of the London University.
• Later more universities were opened in Punjab in 1882 and at Allahabad 1887.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• As per the new mining law — Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 — which came into effect from January 2015, the non-coal mines have to be auctioned by the respective state governments.
• Jharkhand has both alluvial and native gold. Alluvial gold is obtained from the sands of the Subarnarekha river, Sona Nadi in Singhbhum district and the streams draining the Sonapat valley. Native gold is found near Lowa in Singhbhum district.
• In Andhra Pradesh gold deposits are found in Ramagiri in Anantapur district.
• In Rajasthan the Iron-Ore deposits are located in the districts of Jaipur, Udaipur, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Bhilwara, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dausa and Banswara.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018