SANSAD TV: TRANSFORMING INDIA- INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS – INSIGHTSIAS

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Introduction:

India is fast developing world-class infrastructure and boosting production to emerge as the global manufacturing hub in the post-Covid world. Industrial Corridors provide an effective way of achieving this by integrating industry and infrastructure. They offer multi-modal connectivity, world-class infrastructure, and state-of-the-art, modern technology to industries, helping them become globally competitive. The Industrial Corridors also support the region by developing sustainable, futuristic, industrial cities at major nodes. These Smart Cities provide employment opportunities, and bring about social and economic growth of the region. Realising the importance of Industrial Corridors in boosting growth, the government has made them a major focus area in Gati Shakti – the National Master Plan for Infrastructure Development. 32 projects under 11 Industrial Corridors have been envisioned to be developed in four phases by 2024-25.

  • of India is developing various Industrial Corridor Projects as part of National Industrial Corridor programme which is aimed at development of futuristic industrial cities in India which can compete with the best manufacturing and investment destinations in the world.
  • An industrial corridoris a package of infrastructure spending allocated to a specific geographical area, with the intent to stimulate industrial development.
  • An industrial corridor aims to create an area with a cluster of manufacturing or another industry. Such corridors are often created in areas that have preexisting infrastructure, such as ports, highways and railroads.
  • The same will create employment opportunities and economic growth leading to overall socio-economic development.

Industrial Corridors Projects are being taken up for development with 32 Projects to be developed in 04 phases up to 2024-25:

Advantages of Industrialization

  • Industrialization brought the current import-export market setup: Businesses formed from industrialization have a more abundant supply available for particular goods and services. When domestic demands were not enough to help optimize production levels, multinational firms began forming. Countries could expand their import and export markets for the goods getting made.

Eg: the role of Multinational companies in today’s world is product of industrialisation.

  • Industrialization makes goods and services more affordable.
    Labour is the most expensive part of the manufacturing process for most industries. When people were creating items by hand, including books and clothing, then they needed to be compensated for their efforts. With machines helping humans to create products with greater speed, then the cost of labour per unit went down.
  • Quality of life for each person and household improved:
    Before the world experienced industrialization, comfort and convenience were typically reserved for the wealthy, nobles, military leaders, and high-ranking politicians. The introduction of mass production changed how everyone could access goods or services. It was a change that led to mass production of numerous items, lower costs and improved availability to the average family. This event would lead to the first time in history when the “poor” or “middle class” could save money while still meeting their needs.

Eg: anyone could own property without needing to be a farmer or a royal. One didn’t need to grow your own food through homesteading efforts.

  • Industrialization created more jobs for the global economy.
    New manufacturing equipment required additional employment opportunities in each community. Factories that had higher quotas to meet needed new workers on the floor working to produce goods. Each new invention or best practice that came about because of industrialization led to more jobs for the global economy. It created structures where the average person could earn a decent living while having more time with their family, even if the conditions were sometimes unsafe or unsanitary.

Eg: When the workers with higher wages could invest their savings into new ventures, each economy benefitted because new cash pools help to fund new ventures. It shifted money away from the aristocracy to the average household.

  • It shifted our perspective of wants vs. needs.
    When people made products before industrialization, the labour required to create something meant that each item required a specific purpose. We made things because of their usefulness, which limited our innovation. Factories could make clothing faster while helping it to last longer. It allowed people to step outside of the family business to try something new. This advantage would eventually lead to a stronger free-market economy where those with the most innovation could get rewarded for their creativity. Eg: Searching for more factories promoted imperialism.

Disadvantages of Industrialization

  • Working conditions declined during industrialization.
    Industrialization brought people more money and better access to goods and services, but it also increased the amount of risk that people faced. Eg: Employees were expected to put in long shifts, often working 12-hour days with only Sunday off to spend time with their families. If you were sick or got injured, then you’d probably get fired.
  • Industrialization created more income inequality that promoted widespread poverty and hunger – Eg: top 5 percent of individuals amassed 90 % of the wealth.
  • It promoted Global Warming and climate change – Eg: carbon levels before the 19th century were under 300 parts per million. After industrialization, CO2 rates rose to 400 parts per million. Oceans have a more acidic pH level. We have plastics pollution everywhere, with microplastics entering the human food chain because animals consume these small items.

This disadvantage has led to changes in our soil composition, water quality, and the air that we breathe. It’s reducing biodiversity while our economies grow. Unless action gets taken to curb this issue, we will one day reach a tipping point where a recovery might not be possible.

  • Industrialization altered the political landscape of the planet.
    We still experience the fallout from industrialization in our global politics. Fewer than 40 countries have gone through a modern economic revolution to fully incorporate these technologies, giving those that have a massive advantage over the “developing” world. There are more opportunities for success in these countries, requiring people who want an advanced education to leave their homes to receive it. Eg: Alteration of map of Africa as per whims and fancies of Europeans.
  • Living conditions around the new factories were worse for instance, Jharkhand coal mines although was rich in minerals it was degraded the quality of life of individuals.

Conclusion:

This Industrial Corridors changed our world for the better in many ways. It is up to us to clean up the pollution that comes about as a side effect to these efforts. If we’re unwilling to approach our environment in the same way that we look at our economies, then this planet we have may not be around much longer.

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