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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
1. India has a rich heritage of science and technology. Draw linkages between modern Indian science and its rich scientific heritage of ancient past. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the contributions of Ancient India to science and technology and its link to the present.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly give context of India’s ancient calibre of development in science.
Body:
First, write about like people in any other part of the world Indians too, have a rich legacy of scientific ideas. A desire to now the unknown, accompanied with experimentation and observation have always generated scientific temper. The dependence on nature could be overcome by developments in science. In ancient India, religion and science worked in close proximity
Next, write about the linkages with modern science and the science of past with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Effects of globalization on Indian society.
2. What is hyper-globalisation? Examine its impact on in the Indian society with a special emphasis inclusivity and economic equality. What measures are needed to counter the risks posed by it? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Ukraine crisis forces rethink on hyper-globalisation. Nations need to de-risk against overdependence on few suppliers.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about hyper-globalisation, its impact on the society and measures needed to counter its impact.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Begin the answer by defining hyper-globalisation.
Body:
First, write about the various features of hyper-globalisation citing a few examples.
Next, write about the impact of hyper-globalisation on the various aspects of Indian society – freer movement of goods, resources and enterprises, and ultimately more jobs, cheaper products and increasing economic growth, prosperity and wealth. Also, mention the negative impacts like – increasing inequalities, lack of opportunities, dependence and political disconnect etc.
Next, write about the ways in which risks posed by hyper-globalisation could be overcome.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
3. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) is an anachronistic law and its repeal can strengthen the foundation of our democracy. Critically examine. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
It augurs well for the future that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given the first authentic indication that the operation of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) may come to an end in the whole of the north-eastern region, if ongoing efforts to normalise the situation bear fruit.
Key Demand of the question:
To write critically examine whether or not there is a need to repeal AFSPA which is considered draconian.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives behind enactment of AFSPA.
Body:
First, write about the reasons as to why AFSPA considered draconian – AFSPA allows civilian authorities to call on the armed forces, de facto immunity from prosecution, AFSPA has uncanny similarities with emergencies and effectively suspends fundamental freedoms etc.
Next, write about the need of AFSPA in the present day in regards to India’s internal security.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced way forward regarding AFSPA.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
4. India and the EU have maintained a robust strategic relation. However, in some critical areas, there is still room for enhanced cooperation between the both. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Times of India , Insights on India
Why the question: .
India and the European Union (EU) are looking to conclude negotiations on comprehensive trade and investment agreements before the beginning of electoral cycles on both sides in 2024, EU ambassador Ugo Astuto said.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the need for great cooperation between India-EU in critical areas and ways to achieve it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of the context of the question.
Body:
Explain first that after limited economic gains from its FTAs with Asian partners, India is reassessing its FTA options. While a good beginning has been made with the UK, India must also renegotiate with the EU—the bloc is very important for India as far as trade relations are concerned, and an FTA with the EU is, thus, based on sound reasoning.
Discuss that FTAs need to be designed in a manner that they enhance complementarities amongst partners and overcome regulatory hurdles that inhibit trade. Account for potential of India –EU trade relations.
Present the challenges before India in realizing this potential.
Conclusion:
Suggest way forward and conclude.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
5. Heatwaves can have serious health consequences. While more attention is paid to mortality due to heatwaves, policymakers should also focus on how heat waves affect the quality of people’s lives and develop a long-term vision to counter it. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Amid rising temperature and heatwave across the nation, the Centre has urged states/UTs to review their health facility preparedness.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of heat waves and the need for accounting impact of heatwaves in long term policy making.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining heatwaves and give context to extreme heatwave conditions observed across India.
Body:
First, write about the impact of heatwaves on human health.
Next, write about impact of extreme weather on the quality of people’s – livelihood, increase in power demand, impact on farmers and resultant strain on resources.
Next, write about measures required to counter the above in longer term policy making.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
6. In order to enhance the diffusion of space technology and boost space economy, opening up Indian space sector for private entrepreneurs and businesses is vital. Comment. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the role of private sector as a partner with the government to harness space technology and innovations for social welfare.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning ISRO being the prime entity for space research so far allowing very limited space for other private parties to pitch in.
Body:
First, highlight the possible positive outcomes of letting in the private sector to bring in innovations in the space sector.
Next, suggest few examples that would link the use of space technology in public welfare and also boosting of security through better navigation and geolocation capabilities.
Also, discuss the employment opportunities this move would bring in, by giving opportunities to start-ups in this sector.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that the government being an enabler in the space research sector would bring in the best of all stakeholder’s capabilities to the table.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
7. The Categorical Imperative is supposed to provide a way for us to evaluate moral actions and to make moral judgments. Elaborate. (150 Words)
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about about Kantian Categorical Imperative and its role in evaluating moral right actions.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining Categorical Imperative of Emmanuel Kant.
Body:
Begin the body by explaining in detail about your understanding of Categorical Imperative with examples. Mention how it can be used to evaluate moral actions. You can use simple but effective examples to put forward your ideas regarding Universal Moral Law etc.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.
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