DAY – 39 (InstaTest-39): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – MODERN INDIA, Subject-wise Tests 3& 4 , Text Book Based Test 23 , April 2022 CA – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: A

The judicial system at the time of Warren Hastings’ ascendancy was a store-house of abuses. The Nawab who was hitherto the chief administrator of justice, misused his powers. Often, his judgments were careless. The zamindars who acted as judges at lower levels within their own areas were highly corrupt and prejudiced. On the whole, the judicial institution suffered from extreme corruption. Warren Hastings felt the necessity of reorganizing the judicial system. Each district was provided with a civil court under the Collector and a criminal court under an Indian Judge.

To hear appeals from the district courts two appellate courts, one for civil cases and another for criminal cases, were established at Calcutta. The highest civil court of appeal was called Sadar Diwani Adalat, which was to be presided over by the Governor and two judges recruited from among the members of his council. Similarly, the highest appellate criminal court was known as Sadar Nizamat Adalat which was to function under an Indian judge appointed by the Governor-in-Council.

Experts in Hindu and Muslim laws were provided to assist the judges. A digest of Hindu law was prepared in Sanskrit by learned Pandits and it was translated into Persian. An English translation of it – Code of Hindu Laws – was prepared by Halhed.

Solution: C

The introduction of English Education was a significant event of Lord William Bentinck’s administration. He appointed a committee headed by Lord Macaulay to make recommendations for the promotion of education. In his report, Macaulay emphasized the promotion of European literature and science through English medium to the people of India. This recommendation was wholeheartedly accepted by William Bentinck. The Government Resolution in 1835 made English the official and literary language of India. In the same year, William Bentinck laid foundation of the Calcutta Medical College.

Solution: B

The Ryotwari settlement was introduced mainly in Madras, Berar, Bombay and Assam. Sir Thomas Munro introduced this system in the Madras Presidency. Under this settlement, the peasant was recognized as the proprietor of land.

There was no intermediary like a Zamindar between the peasant and the government. So long as he paid the revenue in time, the peasant was not evicted from the land. Besides, the land revenue was fixed for a period from 20 to 40 years at a time. Every peasant was held personally responsible for direct payment of land revenue to the government. However, in the end, this system also failed. Under this settlement it was certainly not possible to collect revenue in a systematic manner. The revenue officials indulged in harsh measures for non-payment or delayed payment.

Solution: A

Lord Ripon wanted to remove two kinds of law that had been prevalent in India. According to the system of law, a European could be tried only by a European Judge or a European Magistrate. The disqualification was unjust and it was sought to cast a needless discredit and dishonor upon the Indian-born members of the judiciary.

C.P. Ilbert, Law Member, introduced a bill in 1883 to abolish this discrimination in judiciary. But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly. They even raised a fund of one lakh fifty thousand rupees and established an organisation called the Defence Association.

Solution: C

Raja Rammohan Roy established the Brahmo Samaj at Calcutta in 1828 in order to purify Hinduism and to preach monotheism. He is considered as the first ‘modern man of India’. He was a pioneer of socio-religious reform movements in modern India.

In 1815, he established the Atmiya Sabha. Later, it was developed into the Brahmo Sabha in August 1828. Through this organisation, he preached that there is only one God. He combined the teachings of the Upanishads, the Bible and the Koran in developing unity among the people of different religions.

In 1817, he founded the Hindu College (now Presidency College, Calcutta) along with David Hare, a missionary. He also set up schools for girls.

Rammohan Roy started the first Bengali weekly Samvad Kaumudi and edited a Persian weekly Mirat-ul-akhbar. He stood for the freedom of the press. Rammohan died in Bristol in England in 1833.

Solution: C

Periyar E.V. Ramaswamy was a great social reformer. In 1921, during the anti-liquor campaign he cut down 1000 coconut trees in his own farm. In 1924, he took an active part in the Vaikam Satyagraha.

The objective of the Satyagraha was to secure for untouchables the right to use a road near a temple at Vaikom in Kerala. E.V.R. opposed the Varnashrama policy followed in the V.V.S. Iyer’s Seranmadevi Gurugulam.

During 1920-1925 being in the Congrees Party he stressed that Congress should accept communal representation. Subsequently in 1925, he started the “Self-Respect Movement”. The aims of the ‘Self -Respect Movement’ were to uplift the Dravidians and to expose the Brahminical tyrany and deceptive methods by which they controlled all spheres of Hindu life.

• He denounced the caste system, child marriage and enforced widowhood. He encouraged inter-caste marriages.
• He himself conducted many marriages without any rituals. Such a marriage was known as “Self-Respect Marriage.”
• He gave secular names to new born babies. He attacked the laws of Manu, which he called the basis of the entire Hindu social fabric of caste.
• He founded the Tamil journals Kudiarasu, Puratchi and Viduthalai to propagate his ideals.
• In 1938 at Tamil Nadu Women’s Conference appreciating the noble service rendered by E.V.R. he was given the title “Periyar”.
• On 27th June 1970 by the UNESCO organisation praised and adorned with the title “Socrates of South Asia”.

Solution: B

The extremists were led by Bala Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipinchandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak is regarded as the real founder of the popular anti-British movement in India. He was known as ‘Lokamanya’. He attacked the British through his weeklies The Mahratta and the Kesari. He was jailed twice by the British for his nationalist activities and in 1908 deported to Mandalay for six years. He set up the Home Rule League in 1916 at Poona and declared “Swaraj is my birth-right and I will have it.”

Lala Lajpat Rai is popularly known as the ‘Lion of Punjab’. He played an important role in the Swadeshi Movement. He founded the Indian Home Rule League in the US in 1916. He was deported to Mandalay on the ground of sedition. He received fatal injuries while leading a procession against the Simon Commission and died on November 17, 1928.

Bipan Chandra Pal began his career as a moderate and turned an extremist. He played an important role in the Swadeshi Movement. He preached nationalism through the nook and corner of Indian by his powerful speeches and writings.

Solution: C

• Punjab also came under the spell of reforms. Baba Dayal Das founded the Nirankari Movement.
• He insisted the worship of God as nirankar (formless).
• The Namdhari Movement was founded by Baba Ram Singh.
• His followers wore white clothes and gave up meat eating. The Singh Sabhas started in Lahore and Amritsar in 1870 were aimed at reforming the Sikh society.
• They helped to set up the Khalsa College at Amritsar in 1892. They also encouraged Gurmukhi and Punjabi literature.
• In 1920, the Akalis started a movement to remove the corrupt Mahants (priests) from the Sikh gurudwaras.
• The British government was forced to make laws on this matter. Later, the Akalis organised themselves into a political party.

Solution: C

Initially, the East India Company did not evince any particular interest in matters of education. Although the British had captured Bengal in 1757, yet the responsibility of imparting education remained only in Indian hands. The study of ancient texts written in Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit still continued. In 1781, Warren Hastings established a Madrasa in Calcutta to encourage the study of Muslim laws along with Arabic and Persian languages.

A decade later in 1791 due to the sincere efforts of the British resident, Jonathan Duncan, a Sanskrit College was established to promote the study of Hindu laws and philosophy in Banaras.

The Charter Act of 1813 adopted a provision to spend one lakh rupees per annum for the spread of education in India.

Solution: B

• In the first half of the 20th century, revolutionary groups sprang up mainly in Bengal, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madras.
• The revolutionaries were not satisfied with the methods of both the moderates and extremists. Hence, they started many revolutionary secret organizations.
• In Bengal Anusilan Samiti and Jugantar were established.
• In Maharashtra Savarkar brothers had set up Abhinava Bharat.
• In the Madras Presidency, Bharathmatha Association was started by Nilakanta Bramachari.
• In Punjab Ajit Singh set up a secret society to spread revolutionary ideas among the youth.
• In London, at India House, Shyamji Krishna Verma gathered young Indian nationalists like Madan Lal Dhingra, Savarkar, V.V.S. Iyer and T.S.S.Rajan.
• Lala Hardyal set up the ‘Ghadar Party’ in USA to organise revolutionary activities from outside India

Solution:B

Solution:

• The India Plastics Pact (IPP) was launched as a collaboration between WWF India and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
• The initiative brings together all stakeholders across the whole value chain to set time-bound target-based commitments to transform the current linear plastics system into a circular plastics economy.

Solution: C

Solution:

1. Kisan Suvidha: It is an omnibus smartphone app that helps farmers by providing them relevant information regarding weather, dealers’ market prices, plant protection, agro advisories, IPM practices etc.
2. Mkisan app: This app enables farmers and stakeholders to obtain advisories and other information being sent by experts and govt. officials through mkisan portal without registering on the portal.
3. Shetkari App: helps download Shetkari Masik an Agriculture magazine & there is no requirement to read it.
4. Agri Stack: It is a collection of technologies and digital databases that focuses on farmers and the agricultural sector.AgriStack will create a unified platform for farmers to provide them end to end services across the agriculture food value chain.It is in line with the Centre’s Digital India programme, aimed at providing a broader push to digitise data in India, from land titles to medical records. The government is also implementing the National Land Records Modernisation Programme (NRLMP).

Solution: D

Solution:

Solution: C

Solution:

Solution: A

Solution:

• The World Bank released the report titled “The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19”. The Human Capital Index (HCI) 2020 is a collaboration between the Human Development Practice Group and the Development Economics Group of the World Bank. India has been ranked at the 116th position among 174 countries in the Human Capital Index 2020

Solution: d)

Justification:  Having founded the Empire of British India, Clive (in office 1757-1760) sought to put in place a strong administration. The salaries of civil servants were increased, the acceptance of gifts from Indians was forbidden, and Clive exacted covenants under which participation in the inland trade was stopped. Unfortunately this had very little impact in reducing corruption, which remained widespread until the days of Warren Hastings. Clive’s military reforms were more effective.

He put down a mutiny of the British officers, who chose to resent the veto against receiving presents and the reduction of batta (extra pay) at a time when two Maratha armies were marching on Bengal. His reorganisation of the army, on the lines of that which he had begun after Plassey, neglected during his absence in Great Britain, subsequently attracted the admiration of Indian officers. He divided the whole army into three brigades, making each a complete force, in itself equal to any single Indian army that could be brought against it.

Learning: Clive was also instrumental in making the company virtual master of North India by introducing his policy of “Dual system of government”. According to the new arrangement enforced by him, the company became liable only for revenue affairs of Bengal (Diwani) and Bihar while the administration and law and order was made a prerogative of the Nawab. An office of “Deputy Nawab” was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company’s representative while the Nizamat (Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. This system proved to be detrimental for the administration of Bengal and ultimately the “Dual system of government” was abolished by Warren Hastings.

Q Source: Ch 5: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution: a)

Justification:  Common peasants of Vidarbha dependent mainly of forest produce, minor Forest lays etc. A sudden Change in British Policy of leaving tax on these forest produce hampered the prospects of the common people to a great extent.

To protest against the tyranny of the empire, the concept of Forest satyagraha was launched by loknayak Bapuji Ane, which was supported by the Berar provincial congress war council. The Forest Satyagraha was started on 10th July 1930 at Pusad. The movement was given momentum by many new groups at different places, like Talegaon Reaction to these activities from British was stern and aggressive still people continue to join the Satyagraha.

Chenchu tribals in 1920s in Guntur district in AP and Karwars of Palamu in 1930s in Bihar protested against the increasing inroads of the British in the forests.

Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution: b)

Justification:  According to the doctrine, any Indian princely state under the suzerainty of the British East India Company (the dominant imperial power in the Indian subsidiary system), would have its princely status abolished (and therefore be annexed into British India) if the ruler was either “manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir”.

The latter supplanted the long-established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its applications were widely regarded by many Indians as illegitimate annexation.

The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. However, it was articulated by the Court of Directors of the East India Company as early as 1847 and several smaller states had already been annexed under this doctrine before Dalhousie took over the post of Governor-General.

Q Source: Ch 5: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution: c)

Justification:  The Paiks of Odisha were the traditional landed militia (‘foot soldiers’ literally) and enjoyed rent free land tenures for their military service and policing functions on a hereditary basis. The English Company’s conquest of Odisha in 1803, and the dethronement of the Raja of Khurda had greatly reduced the power and prestige of the Paiks. Further, the extortionist land revenue policy of the Company caused resentment among zamindars and peasants alike. Common masses were affected by the rise in prices of salt due to taxes imposed on it, abolition of cowrie currency and the requirement of payment of taxes in silver, etc.

Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar had been the military chief of the forces of the Raja of Khurda. In 1814, Jagabandhu’s ancestral estate of Killa Rorang was taken over by the Company, reducing him to penury. The spark was lighted by the arrival of a body of Khonds from Gumsur into the Khurda territory in March 1817. With active support of Mukunda Deva, the last Raja of Khurda, and other zamindars of the region, Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar led a sundry army of Paikas forcing the East India Company forces to retreat for a time. The rebellion came to be known as the Paika Bidroh (rebellion). The initial success of the rebels set the whole province covering Odisha in arms against the British government for some time. The rebellion was brutally repressed by 1818.

Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution: d)

Justification: Polygar was the feudal title for a class of territorial administrative and military governors appointed by the Nayaka rulers of South India (notably Vijayanagara Empire, Madurai Nayakas and the Kakatiya dynasty) during the 16th–18th centuries. They were holders of territory or palayam, consisting of a few villages granted to them by the rulers—mainly the Nayakas—in return for military service and tribute.

The Polygars of Madurai Country were instrumental in establishing administrative reforms by building irrigation projects, forts and religious institutions.

The Polygar’s role was to administer their Palaiyams (territories) from their fortified centres. Their chief functions were to collect taxes, maintain law and order, run the local judiciary, and maintain a battalion of troops for the king.

Their wars with the British East India Company after the demise of the Madurai Nayakas is often regarded as one of the earliest struggles for Indian independence.

Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution : C

Solution : The National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) is a Central Sector Scheme that was set up in the year 2015-16.  The overall aim of NAFCC is to support concrete adaptation activities which mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. The activities under this scheme are implemented in a project mode.  National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is the National Implementing Entity (NIE)

Solution : C

Solution : The Van Dhan Scheme is an initiative of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and TRIFED.  It was launched in 2018 and seeks to improve tribal incomes through the value addition of tribal products.  Central level: The scheme will be implemented by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs as head at the Central Level and TRIFED will be the Nodal Agency at the National Level.  State Level: At the State level, the State Nodal Agency and the District collectors will be responsible for the implementation at the grassroots level. Unit level: At the unit level, aggregation of produce would be done through SHGs having about 30 members each forming Van DhanVikas „Samuh‟.

Solution: D

Solution : India’s first-ever Euro Green Bonds Power Finance Corporation Ltd (PFC), a financial institution under the Ministry of Finance,  The bonds will have a tenor of seven years at a coupon of 1.841%. The principal and interest payments will be made in Euro.

Solution : B

Solution : Red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) is known for its rich hue and therapeutic properties.  The tree is endemic to several districts in Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. In 2019, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has revised its export policy to permit the export of red sanders if it is obtained from cultivated land.

Solution: D

Solution : Largest living species of fish, Red list endangered & protected under the Wildlife Protection Act. Whale sharks are found in all the tropical oceans of the world 

They are found all along the coast of India.  

Ans (C)

CP of watch after  paying 20 % tax

= 500+ 500X 100

= ₹ 600

Profit percentage = 20 %

SP = 600 X 120/ 100

= ₹ 720

Let MRP be ₹x.

Now x – x * 10/ 100 =720

=      90x/100 = 720

=      x=800

MRP = ₹ 800

Ans ( a ) The pattern of the coding is as follows

c–1—B       M —1—L

O—2—M   and A—2→Y

U—1—T     R—1—Q

L—2-→J      G—2—→E

D—1—C       I—1-→ H

N—2-→L

Hence , MODELING will be written as LMCCKGME .

Ans (b)

Total volume = L x b x  h

= 20 x 15 x 6 = 1800 m3

= 1800000 L

Per day consumption

= 4000 x 150 L

= 600000 L

Number of days required to empty tank

= 1800000/600000 = 3 days

Ans-( C)

Let number of boys be B and number of girls be G in the class

so total strength of class = B + G

If the average height of boys in class is  5.7 ft then total height of boys in class will be 5.7B

similarly If the average height of girls in class is  5 ft then total height of girls in class will be 5G

ALSO given average height of all students in class is 5.5ft then

5.7 B + 5G

= 5.5

B + G

⇒ 5.7B + 5G = 5.5B + 5.5G

⇒ 0.2B = 0.5G or 2B = 5G

Option C only satisfies this equation.

Ans- (c) It is mentioned in the passage that recycled material is not demanded since its quality is not as good as the original material.  Therefore , it does not give the appropriate economies returns