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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Financial Express
Why the question:
Every year, the world observes April 18 as the World Heritage Day. Also known as The International Day for Monument and Sites, it is an internationally recognised day to raise awareness about preserving the history, diversity, and vulnerability of world heritage sites and monuments.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the reasons as to why heritage is under threat and the need to safeguard India’s art heritage and the steps that need to be taken for the same..
Directive word:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Explain about what all is included in India’s art heritage – paintings, sculpture, monuments etc
Body:
First, highlight that preserving our heritage is enshrined as a fundamental duty
Next, Examine the threats to art heritage such as Lack of public awareness -This makes the local administrator break the buildings and replace it with other structures, Duplication of paintings and art forms, Theft, Vandalism and Smuggling etc. Discuss why it is crucial to safeguard such heritage such as maintaining identity and pride of our country, tourism etc
Next, Discuss the way forward such as – Strengthening institutions – Ministry of Culture, ASI, Museums, Archives, Cultural awareness programs etc
Conclusion:
Summarize on why this issue requires attention and what needs to be done.
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Mankind has been shaped by various ancient civilisations, examples being Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, Chinese, and the Indus Valley. These civilisations have evolved since the time humans first decided to give up their nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle in favour of settling down in one place
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the contributions of Ancient and medieval India to science and technology and the present-day learnings from it.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Briefly explain about India’s ancient and medieval of development in science.
Body:
Explain that one of the oldest civilizations in the world, the Indian civilization has a strong tradition of science and technology. Ancient India was a land of sages and seers as well as a land of scholars and scientists. India was actively contributing to the field of science and technology centuries long before modern laboratories were set up. Mention a few examples.
Many theories and techniques discovered by the ancient Indians have created and strengthened the fundamentals of modern science and technology. While some of these ground breaking contributions have been acknowledged, some are still unknown to most.
Next, write about what we can learn from the successes and limitations of ancient and medieval science and technology.
Conclusion:
Conclude with significance and relevance of such discoveries and inventions even in today’s times.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government
Difficulty level: Easy.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The retirements in the topmost rung of the judiciary in 2022 would encompass changes in the powerful Supreme Court Collegium and see two new Chief Justices in a span of months. But the retirements come at a time when the court is in the process of steadying itself after particularly brutal waves of the pandemic. Even as the virus refuses to leave for good, the court continues to grapple with pendency.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes for pendency of cases in India, its impact and suggest measures to overcome.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Describe the current conditions with few vital statistics to substantiate the pendencies.
Body:
First write the causes for it – The cumulative effect of persisting vacancies, strained budgets, inadequate infrastructure combined with the continuous inflow of cases inevitably impacts mounting pendency and the time taken for cases to resolve.
Next bring out the impact of it – faith in the justice system, under trial prisoners their due of justice, impact on Economic reforms and foreign investors, Judiciary becomes overworked and lose its efficiency.
Suggest measures to overcome the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to ensure speedy delivery of justice.
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insigts on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the future of SAARC amidst current uncertainties and to argue for its revival.
Directive word:
Critically analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of SAARC and its present-day scenario.
Body:
In the first part, bring out the current uncertainties which forebode a bleak future for SAARC – Crisis in Afghanistan, Myanmar, Indo-Pak equation, Covid crisis etc.
Next, mention as to why India should take the lead in reviving SAARC. It will ensure integrated, connected, secure and prosperous South Asia, and lead economic, technological, cultural, and social development’ of the region.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward and diplomatic steps needed to re-engage and revive SAARC.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the significance of Blockchain technology and its application.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly define Blockchain technology.
Body:
First, write about the application of Blockchain in sectors such as health, finance, agriculture and various other sectors would aid the government in implementing various programmes and provide trust and immutability to the assets. Explain how it can transform the economy.
Next, write about how it can be used to improve standards of living in the country.
Conclusion:
Conclude with futuristic advantages of Blockchain Technology.
Topic: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Hindustan Times , Insights
Why the question:
Sri Lanka is in dire straits, as we all know. Everyone is aware of the loss of tourist income, remittances and capture of giant resources such as ports by outside agencies. Some critics also say it’s the organic farming policy that has contributed. It may not be a core contributor, but we can take home lessons.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the ways to overcome limitations of organic farming to realise its true potential.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Introduction:
Begin by defining organic farming and its current status in India.
Body:
First, write about the benefits associated with organic farming – will conserve natural resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially reduce cost of production and climate-related risks for farmers, increased yield, better incomes
Next, about the various limiting factors of organic factors which hinder its scalability and profitability – high cost, low shelf life, lack of awareness, less adoption among farmers etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to overcome the above limitations.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: A Practical Approach to Ethics Integrity and Aptitude D.K Balaji.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To form a critique of hedonism. (You must remember that in the exam, UPSC may give a short description of the theory rather than name of the theory itself. You should be able to identify it to understand the core demand of the question)
Directive word:
Critically analyse – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by further elaborating on the theory of hedonism and its idea behind a morally justified action.
Body:
Argue as to how, though according to the theory seeking happiness and avoid the miseries may be morally justified but there may not be any point to that sort of morality which promotes self-interest.
With examples, substantiate on the point that what maybe be good or right for an individual may not be good for the society/community/country. Hence, this sort of morality is meaningless.
Conclusion:
Mention the importance of that we need to think beyond individual happiness especially in the times that we are living in.
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