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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The discovery of a number of megalithic stone jars in Assam’s Dima Hasao district has brought to focus possible links between India’s Northeast and Southeast Asia, dating back to the second millennium BC. According to a study in Asian Archaeology, the jars are a “unique archaeological phenomenon”.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about megaliths, its types and arts and crafts of that age.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining megaliths and mention the few megalithic sites in India.
Body:
First, write about the various types of megaliths – dolmen, cairn circle, cists, stone circle menhirs etc.
Next, discuss the various arts and crafts of the megalithic people – metallurgy, woodcraft, bead making, pottery, terracotta art, stone cutting and rock art. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about the importance of megalithic arts and crafts.
Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The IPCC’s latest report shows how smart urban planning can mitigate the effects of climate change. The Union budget 2022 had announced the formation of a high-level committee of planners, economists and institutions to make recommendations on urban sector policies. The finance minister said that by the time India turns 100, nearly half the population will be living in urban areas, making it imperative to not only nurture India’s mega cities but also facilitate tier-2 and tier-3 cities to gear up for the future.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the opportunity presented by the growing urbanisation trend and how to maximise it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by citing a statistic about the fast developing urbanisation in India.
Body:
First, write about the opportunities in economy, environment and society due the growth in urbanisation.
Next, write about the various constraints and bottlenecks which will hinder proper urban planning and implementation in order to above to realise the above opportunities – affordable housing, issues of urban slums, waste management, poor drainage.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to address the above concerns.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The U.K. Foreign Secretary, Elizabeth Truss, visited New Delhi as a part of a wider diplomatic push. She had visited India last October. Ms. Truss met with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and also participated in the inaugural edition of the India-U.K. Strategic Futures Forum, a Track 1.5 Dialogue.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the historical ties between India and U.K and opportunities created by Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by providing context of India-U.K relations, the historical angle, aftermath of Brexit and global geo-political turmoil.
Body:
Start by writing about the scale of existing relations with Britain. Mention the changes brought in Brexit.
Next, write about the opportunities for collaboration between India and Britain in the aftermath of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Trade, tourism, diaspora, investments and commonwealth.
Mention the obstacles: duty reductions on autos, wines and spirits and wanted India to open financial sectors such as banking and insurance, postal, legal, accountancy, maritime and security and retail. India, as always, sought free movement for service professionals.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward as to how these countries sharing a common history can have a win-win relationship.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the differences between primary and secondary capital markets.
Directive word:
Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by mentioning the role of capital markets in the economy.
Body:
Compare and contrast primary and secondary capital markets on the various following parameters – Definition, types of purchasing, nature of buying and selling, role of intermediaries, price levels, organisation of markets, advantages and disadvantages.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Despite many initiatives by governments since Independence, the sector has been facing challenges in its quest for survival and growth. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the vulnerability of the MSME sector.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of the pandemic on the MSME sector and steps needed to make the sector more resilient.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding the MSME sector and slowdown it faced during the pandemic.
Body:
First, write about the role of MSME sector in the economy of the country by citing statistics.
Next, write about impact of the pandemic on the sector – Disproportionate Impact, Reduced operating Capacity, Supply/Demand Fluctuations, Credit Vulnerabilities etc.
Next, mention various measures taken by the government and further steps needed to make it resilient to external shocks in the future.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
Some 22 of the 30 most polluted cities in the world are in India according to the World Air Quality Report, 2020. The India State Level Disease Burden Initiative published in Lancet Planetary Health in December 2020, indicated 1.7 million deaths in India were attributable to air pollution in 2019.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the steps taken so far to tackle air pollution and suggest further steps to improve the quality of air
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving air pollution statistics in India.
Body:
In brief, write about the impact of air pollution in India.
Next, write about the various policy measures like Air Pollution Act, National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), Commission for Air Quality Management, Graded Response Action Plan, National Ambient Air Quality Standard, FAME phase II and vehicle Scrappage Policy etc. Write about their performance in tackling air performance – their successes and limitations.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: accountability and ethical governance
Difficulty Level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Key Demand of the question: To write about the role of accountability in fostering ethical behaviour and its limitations.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining accountability.
Body:
Write about how accountability and its various mechanisms to enforce it leads to ethical behaviour in public servants – Code of ethics, vigilance RTI, Lokpal and courts make civil servants act ethically and prevent any divergent behaviour. However, mention that despite having accountability mechanisms public servants have acted unethically. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning ways to create stronger accountability mechanisms.
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