[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 11 March 2022 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: b)

Pneumonia:

• The World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide.
• Every year, it kills an estimated 1.4 million children under the age of five years, according to the WHO. This, despite pneumonia being preventable and treatable.

How is it spread?

• Infectious agents may include bacteria, viruses and fungi.
• Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the second most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common viral cause of pneumonia.
• Air sacs in an infected individual’s lungs (alveoli) become inflamed due to deposits of fluid and pus, making it painful and difficult for them to breathe.
• Children and the elderly above the age of 65 years are especially vulnerable.

How can it be prevented and treated?

• Preventive measures include maintaining hygiene and getting vaccinations against certain pneumonia causing bacteria.

Solution: a)

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT):

• It is an international treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional arms.
• It seeks to prevent and eradicate illicit trade and diversion of conventional arms by establishing international standards governing arms transfers.
• The ATT contributes to international and regional peace, security and stability, reducing human suffering, and promoting cooperation, transparency and responsible action among the international community.
• The Treaty came into force on 24 December 2014.
• The ATT Secretariat is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

India has not yet joined the treaty.

What types of conventional weapons deals does the Arms Trade Treaty seek to regulate?

• Conventional weapons covered by the UN Arms Trade Treaty include tanks and other armored combat vehicles, artillery, attack helicopters, naval warships, missiles and missile launchers, and small arms.
• It also establishes common international standards for the regulation of the international trade in ammunition, weapons parts, and arms components.
• The treaty does not regulate the domestic sale or use of weapons in any country. It also recognizes the legitimacy of the arms trade to enable states to provide for their own security.

Solution: a)

Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI) is a measure of change in retail prices of food products consumed by a defined population group in a given area with reference to a base year.

The Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI) started releasing Consumer Food Price Indices (CFPI) for three categories -rural, urban and combined – separately on an all India basis with effect from May, 2014.

Like Consumer Price Index (CPI), the CFPI is also calculated on a monthly basis and methodology remains the same as CPI.

Cereals and products have highest weightage in CFPI.

Solution: d)

Constitutional framework for disabled population:

Article 15(1): It enjoins on the Government not to discriminate against any citizen of India (Including disabled) on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Article 17: No person including the disabled irrespective of his belonging can be treated as an untouchable. It would be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

Article 21: Every person including the disabled has his life and liberty guaranteed.

Article 23: There can be no traffic in human beings (including the disabled), and beggar and other forms of forced labor is prohibited and the same is made punishable in accordance with law.

Article 29(2): The right to education is available to all citizens including the disabled. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds.

Article 32: Every disabled person can move the Supreme Court of India to enforce his fundamental rights and the rights to move the Supreme Court.

Solution: d)

FCI is the nodal central agency of Government of India. FCI, along with other state agencies takes up the procurement of Wheat and Paddy. This is done under the Price Support Scheme.

Apart from these two, Coarse grains (Jowar, Bajra etc.) are also procured. This is taken by the State Government agencies as per the directions issued by Government of India.

FCI procures the food grains. It does not decide the issue price. Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) only recommends prices to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA). It is the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) which finally decides the issue price.