[Mission 2022] QUIZ – 2021: Insights Current Affairs Quiz , 19 February 2022 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: b)

While India ramps up its solar power installation, it does not yet have a firm policy on managing waste that results from used solar panels or from the manufacturing process.

India currently considers solar waste a part of electronic waste and does not account for it separately.

There was no commercial raw material recovery facility for solar e-waste operational in India, but a pilot facility for solar panel recycling and material recovery had been set up by a private company in Gummidipoondi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Solar panels have an estimated life of 25 years, and given that India’s solar manufacturing industry took off around 2010 most of the installed systems were new and early in their calendar life cycle and therefore unlikely to generate a large quantity of solar waste.

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Solution: a)

The capital expenditure for 2022-23 has been pegged at Rs 7.5 lakh crore. This expenditure increase comes along with an increase in the state borrowing limit to 4 per cent of the GSDP. States have also been allowed to borrow up to Rs 1 lakh crore through 50-year interest-free loans to make capital investments. In 2021-22, the Centre had allowed states an additional Rs 15,000 crore for capital investment under a similar window.

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Solution: d)

All current nuclear reactors are based on the fission process, in which the nucleus of a heavier atom is split into those of lighter elements in a controlled manner. This process is accompanied with the release of large amounts of energy. Fusion is the opposite process, in which nuclei of relatively lighter atoms, typically those of hydrogen, are fused to make the nucleus of a heavier atom.

Much more energy is released in the fusion process than in fission. The fusion of atoms of two heavier isotopes of hydrogen — deuterium and tritium — for example, to form a helium nucleus produces four times as much energy as is released during the fission of a uranium atom, the kind of which we see in our nuclear reactors.

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Solution: c)

Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast.

Solution: a)

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as transcription.

In bacteria, there are three major types of RNAs: mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA). All three RNAs are needed to synthesise a protein in a cell. The mRNA provides the template, tRNA brings aminoacids and reads the genetic code, and rRNAs play structural and catalytic role during translation. There is single DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that catalyses transcription of all types of RNA in bacteria. RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiates transcription (Initiation).