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NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
General Studies – 1
Topic: The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the two-day 25th national youth festival in Puducherry to celebrate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda
Key Demand of the question:
One has to discuss in detail the contributions of Swami Vivekananda in bringing social reforms in colonial India.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Highlight some of the important achievements of Swami Vivekananda as the social reformer with his philosophy as a guiding light. He contributed immensely to the concept of nationalism in colonial India and played a special role in steering India into the 20th Century.
Body:
Introduce by giving a brief description of the influence of Swami Vivekananda’s teachings and ideologies.
His philosophy was based on the ethical and moral upliftment of the masses. Deep concern for masses, freedom, and equality through which one expresses self, spiritual integration of the world on the basis of universal brotherhood, and “Karmayoga” a system of ethics to attain freedom both political and spiritual through selfless service.
Discuss other ideas of his spiritualism.
Describe how his spiritualist discourse helped eradicate the evils prevailing in society even till the present date with a few examples.
You can refer to this article
Conclusion:
Conclude with the importance of his contributions.
Introduction
Narendranath Datta (1862-1902), who later came to be known as Swami Vivekananda spread Ramakrishna’s message and tried to reconcile it to the needs of contemporary Indian society. He emerged as the preacher of neo-Hinduism. Certain spiritual experiences of Ramakrishna, the teachings of the Upanishads and the Gita and the examples, of the Buddha and Jesus are the basis of Vivekananda’s message to the world about human values.
Body
Social reforms in Pre-Independent India by Swami Vivekananda
- He believed that socio economic change can be brought about through education. He wanted both moral and secular education to be imparted to the common man of this country.
- He established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 to what he described as creating “machinery which will bring noblest ideas to the doorstep of even the poorest and the meanest”
- Vivekananda was a great humanist and used the Ramakrishna Mission for humanitarian relief and social work. Vivekananda advocated the doctrine of service—the service of all beings.
- Under Swami Vivekananda, the Mission was running a number of schools. It offered help to those affected from calamities like famines, floods and epidemics.
- Vivekananda worked towards educational rights for women. He laid special stress on conventional values of family life and chastity for women, but was totally against their subjection. He passionately pleaded for the extension of all educational facilities to women.
- Swami Vivekananda created a national consciousness amongst all Indians. Swamiji interpreted the significance of Indians ancient culture in the modern world.
Relevance of Swami Vivekananda today
- Swami Vivekananda’s message of nationality and universality is very much relevant in the present-day world. All people without any distinction of caste, religion, race, gender on nationality.
- Human society has to wait for centuries for the advent of a leader of mankind like Swami Vivekananda.
- Swamiji was very relevant during his time. He is more relevant today and he will remain still more relevant in the years to come and till the human civilization exists.
- His message for the present moment is that, we are going forward our true destination in spite of some appearances to the country. “India will be raised, not with the power of the flesh, but with the power of the spirit; not with the flag of destruction, but with the flag of peace and love.
Conclusion
Swami Vivekananda was a spiritual mentor to all nation and civilization. Thus, one sees Swami Vivekananda is a pioneering figure in India who has played in integral part towards shaping of modern India. Socialism, secularism, mass uplift and mass power, treating the untouchables with compassion, universal literacy, informal education, women’s liberation and inculcation of social service as a part of religious worship- these constituted the basic points for reforms by Swami Vivekananda. His famous words; “Awake, arise, and stop not till the goal is reached” – still resonated among the youth of the nation, rousing their social consciousness and kindling their damp spirits.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable
Key Demand of the question:
The importance of powers and functions of Prime Minister in India
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account of the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate them with relevant associated facts
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Brief on the importance of the position of Prime Minister, mentioning relevant Articles related
Body:
First, demarcate the Power distribution of the Prime Minister and mention them all
Then, mention the additional function that the Prime Minister plays in India
Conclusion:
A relevant closing statement
Introduction
In the scheme of parliamentary system of government provided by the constitution, the President is the nominal executive authority (de jure executive) and Prime Minister is the real executive authority (de facto executive). In other words, president is the head of the State while Prime Minister is the head of the government.
Body
Powers and functions of Prime Minister
The powers and functions of Prime Minister can be studied under the following heads:
- In Relation to Council of Ministers
- The Prime Minister enjoys the following powers as head of the Union council of ministers. He recommends persons who can be appointed as ministers by the president.
- He allocates and reshuffles various portfolios among the ministers.
- He can ask a minister to resign or advise the President to dismiss him in case of difference of opinion.
- He presides over the meeting of council of ministers and influences its decisions.
- He guides, directs, controls, and coordinates the activities of all the ministers.
- He can bring about the collapse of the council of ministers by resigning from office. Since the Prime Minister stands at the head of the council of ministers, the other ministers cannot function when the Prime Minister resigns or dies.
- In Relation to the President
- He is the principal channel of communication between the President and the council of ministers. It is the duty of the prime minister:
- to communicate to the President all decisions of the council of ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation;
- to furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation as the President may call for; and
- if the President so requires, to submit for the consideration of the council of ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but which has not been considered by the council.
- He advises the president with regard to the appointment of important officials like attorney general of India, Comptroller and Auditor General of India, chairman and members of the UPSC, election commissioners, chairman and members of the finance commission and so on.
- He is the principal channel of communication between the President and the council of ministers. It is the duty of the prime minister:
- In Relation to Parliament
- The Prime Minister is the leader of the Lower House. He advises the President with regard to summoning and proroguing of the sessions of the Parliament.
- He can recommend dissolution of the Lok Sabha to President at any time.
- He announces government policies on the floor of the House.
Conclusion
Thus, the Prime Minister plays a very significant and highly crucial role in the politico-administrative system of the country. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated, ‘If any functionary under our constitution is to be compared with the US president, he is the Prime Minister and not the president of the Union’.
Value Addition
Other powers and functions
- He is the chairman of the NITI Ayog (which succeded the planning commission), National Integration Council, Inter State Council, National Water Resources Council and some other bodies.
- He plays a significant role in shaping the foreign policy of the country.
- He is the chief spokesman of the Union government.
- He is the crisis manager-in-chief at the political level during emergencies.
Topic: Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable
Key Demand of the question:
The importance of Cabinet and Council of Ministers
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the topic and form an overall opinion thereupon
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Brief on articles relating to Council of Ministers and Cabinet
Body:
First, dwell on the statement in question, mentioning the role and significance of the Cabinet in India.
Further, highlight the differences between ‘Council of Ministers and Cabinet’
Conclusion:
A relevant summarising statement
Introduction
As the Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary system of government modelled on the British pattern, the council of ministers headed by the prime minister is the real executive authority is our politico-administrative system.
Article 74 deals with the status of the council of ministers while Article 75 deals with the appointment, tenure, responsibility, qualification, oath and salaries and allowances of the ministers.
Body
Council of Ministers vs Cabinet
- Size: Council of ministers is a wider body consisting of 60 to 70 ministers. Cabinet is a smaller body consisting of 15 to 20 ministers.
- Category: CoM includes all the three categories of ministers, that is, cabinet ministers, ministers of state, and deputy ministers. Cabinet includes the cabinet ministers only. Thus, it is a part of the council of ministers.
- Collective Function: CoM does not meet, as a body, to transact government business. It has no collective functions. Cabinet meets, as a body, frequently and usually once in a week to deliberate and take decisions regarding the transaction of government business. Thus, it has collective functions.
- Real Powers: CoM is vested with all powers but in theory. Cabinet exercises, in practice, the powers of the council of ministers and thus, acts for the latter.
- Responsibilities: CoMs functions are determined by the cabinet. Cabinet directs the council of ministers by taking policy decisions which are binding on all ministers.
- CoM implements the decisions taken by the cabinet.
- Cabinet supervises the implementation of its decisions by the council of ministers.
- Sanction: CoM is a constitutional body, dealt in detail by the Articles 74 and 75 of the Constitution. Its size and classification are, however, not mentioned in the Constitution. Its size is determined by the prime minister according to the exigencies of the time and requirements of the situation. Its classification into a three-tier body is based on the conventions of parliamentary government as developed in Britain. It has, however, got a legislative sanction. Thus, the Salaries and Allowances Act of 1952 defines a ‘minister’ as a ‘member of the council of ministers, by whatever name called, and includes a deputy minister’.
- Cabinet was inserted in Article 352 of the Constitution in 1978 by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act. Thus, it did not find a place in the original text of the Constitution. Now also, Article 352 only defines the cabinet saying that it is ‘the council consisting of the prime minister and other ministers of cabinet rank appointed under Article 75’ and does not describe its powers and functions. In other words, its role in our politico-administrative system is based on the conventions of parliamentary government as developed in Britain.
- Accountability: CoM is collectively responsible to the Lower House of the Parliament. Cabinet enforces the collective responsibility of the council of ministers to the Lower House of Parliament.
Conclusion
Wherever the Constitution requires the satisfaction of the President, the satisfaction is not the personal satisfaction of the President but it is the satisfaction of the council of ministers with whose aid and on whose advice the President exercises his powers and functions. Hence role of the Council of Ministers, in turn the cabinet is highly important in the Indian parliamentary system.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
India is hosting five heads of central Asian countries on this year’s republic day. Also, the situation in Eurasia after the withdrawal of the US from Afghanistan has made the region important for India. This has to be balanced with India’s Indo-pacific initiatives.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the need and how can India strike the balance in its continental and maritime security in the two regions.
Directive word:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving a short description of issues concerning India in the Eurasian region and Indian initiatives get the leverage
Body:
Explain why India has not been so successful in the Eurasian region in comparison to Indo-Pacific. Then bring out the need for balancing the two regions by focussing on India’s continental security.
Suggest what measures India should take for its long-term security in both regions.
Conclusion:
Summarise the impact of new geopolitical developments in the region as well as on world order.
Introduction
In continental context, there is increased militarisation of the borders with Pakistan and China, with the Ladakh sector now increasingly looking like it will see permanent deployment on the Siachen Glacier. To meet this challenge, evolving an effective continental strategy for India will be a complex and long-term exercise. While we concentrate on continental side, maritime strategy also is equally important for India and must have a recourse of its own, without being bogged down by pressures from Western forces.
Body
Reasons for difficulties for India in Eurasian region
- INSTC: Difficulties have arisen in operationalising an alternative route — the International North-South Transport Corridor on account of the U.S.’s hostile attitude towards Iran.
- Blockade on Iran: It may appear strange that while we join the U.S. and others in supporting the right of freedom of navigation in the maritime domain, we do not demand with the same force the right of India to conduct interstate trade, commerce, and transit along continental routes — be it through the lifting of Pakistan’s blockade on transit or the lifting of U.S. sanctions against transit through Iran into Eurasia.
- Afghan crisis: With the recent Afghan developments, India’s physical connectivity challenges with Eurasia have only become starker.
- New threats: China’s assertive rise, the precipitous withdrawal of forces of the United States/North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from Afghanistan, the rise of Islamic fundamentalist forces are great threats. The marginalisation of India on the Eurasian continent in terms of connectivity must be reversed.
Need for balancing continental and maritime security in India
- India’s maritime vision and ambitions have grown dramatically during the past decade, symbolised by its National Maritime Strategy, the Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) initiative for the Indian Ocean Region and major initiatives relating to the Indo-Pacific and the Quad, in which maritime security figures prominently.
- This was an overdue correction to the historic neglect of India’s maritime power.
- It was also a response to the dramatic rise of China as a military power.
- It may also be a by-product of the oversized influence over our think-tank community of Anglo-Saxon strategic thinking, which has tended to emphasise the maritime dimensions of China’s military rise more than others.
Measures for Long term security by India
- Going forward, it is clear India will not have the luxury of choosing one over the other; we would need to acquire strategic vision and deploy the necessary resources to pursue our continental interests without ignoring our interests in the maritime domain.
- This will require a more assertive push for our continental rights — namely that of transit and access, working with our partners in Central Asia, with Iran and Russia (not that we have many other options), and a more proactive engagement with economic and security agendas ranging from the SCO, Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).
- Stabilising Afghanistan is a necessary but not a sufficient condition. There is need to ensure an alternate way to reach Central Asia and Eurasia.
Conclusion
Striking the right balance between continental and maritime security would be the best guarantor of our long-term security interests. But this will not be easy as we would need to work with different partners on different agendas even while their geopolitical contradictions play out in the open. India will need to define its own parameters of continental and maritime security consistent with its own interests. In doing so, at a time of major geopolitical change, maintaining our capacity for independent thought and action (namely strategic autonomy) will help our diplomacy and statecraft navigate the difficult landscape and the choppy waters that lie ahead.
General Studies – 3
Topic– Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development, and employment.
Difficulty level: Difficult
Reference: Indian Express
Why this question
Unemployment has become a chronic problem in India and in recent years the situation has only worsened. There has also been a debate that unemployment measurement doesn’t capture true data esp. for the Informal sector
Key demand of the question.
The question wants us to enumerate the methods of unemployment calculation in India and their efficacy
Structure of the answer
Introduction– Define unemployment and give the latest data on it e.g present some statistics from the Labour reports or any other authentic report like the CMIE report.
Body-
Mention methods of unemployment calculation E.g
- Usual Status Approach
- Weekly Status Approach
- Daily Status Approach
Discuss the issues with this method as well as general discourse e.g
- Employment does not usually figure in the public discourse orchestrated by political parties, either at the Centre or in the States.
- Political parties and politicians have failed in creating gainful employment.
Give suggestion to improve the capture of true unemployment figure e.g. Mahesh Vyas, the CEO of CMIE, advocates using “Employment Rate” (or ER henceforth) to correctly understand what is happening to joblessness in India.
Also, give some government steps to reduce unemployment in India
Conclusion–
Give a fair and balanced conclusion on the given issue.
Introduction
Unemployment is tracked by looking at the Unemployment Rate (or UER). The UER is the percentage of people in the labour force who demanded work but did not get it. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) recently released the unemployment status report of India for the month of December, 2021. According to the report, the unemployment rate in the country was 7.91% in December. It was 7% in November.
Body
Background: Statistics
- Highest unemployment rate was reported in Haryana. Around 34.1% were unemployed in the state.
- Rajasthan had the second highest unemployment rate. It was 24.1% in the state. Following Rajasthan, Jharkhand (17.3%), Bihar (16%) and Jammu and Kashmir (15%) were in second, third and fourth places respectively.
- The December unemployment rate was the highest in the past four months. The previous high was reported in August, 2021 (8.32%).
- The urban unemployment rate of the country was 9.3%. It was 8.21% in November.
- The rural unemployment rate was 7.28%. It was 6.44% in November.
UER may not capture true unemployment situation in India
- Under normal circumstances, the UER is a perfectly fine metric to track unemployment but in India’s case, and especially over the past decade, UER is becoming ineffective in accurately assessing the true level of unemployment distress.
- That’s because the labour force itself has been shrinking rapidly.
- Over the past decade is that the Labour Force Participation Rate in India has been falling.
- As such, often when it appears that UER has fallen, it is not because more jobs have been created but because fewer people have demanded jobs (in other words, the LFPR has fallen).
- In most other comparable countries, the LFPR is between 60% to 70%. In India, it has been hovering around 40%.
- This means, in other countries 60% of people belonging to the working-age group (i.e. 15 years and above) demand a job while in India only 40% look for a job.
- The 20–percentage point differential — that too at the scale of India’s population — represents a huge number (millions) of people who do not have any jobs.
- But since millions do not formally “demand” work, there is an undercounting of unemployed people in India. This is why UER fails to adequately capture the unemployment distress in India
Measures suggested
- One of the remedies of the unemployment situation in India is rapid industrialisation. Increased number of industries will translate into increased number of employment opportunities.
- The curriculum should be changed with increased focus on learning and skill development.
- More institutions need to be established that offer vocational courses that will translate directly into relevant jobs.
- Self-employment should be encouraged more with introduction of liability free loans and government assistance for funding.
- Incubation centres need to be promoted to cultivate original business ideas that will be financially viable.
- Better irrigation facilities, better farming equipment, dissemination of knowledge regarding multiple crop rotation and crop management should be focused on.
- Government as well as leading business houses of the country should seek to invite more foreign collaboration and capital investment in every sector.
- There are number of labour-intensive manufacturing sectors in India such as food processing, leather and footwear, wood manufacturers and furniture, textiles and apparel and garments.
- Special packages, individually designed for each industry are needed to create jobs.
- Public investment in sectors like health, education, police and judiciary can create many government jobs.
Conclusion
In 2020, although the economy was in a very poor state following the deleterious effects of demonetisation, the rural economy was faring reasonably well on the back of two good monsoons.
However, after a year of distress, and with some part of the workforce still not having returned to their work places, rural incomes are expected to be under pressure. Economists say they are already seeing signs of sluggishness in rural consumption.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has done much of the heavy lifting, it is now the turn of the government to step up spending. The economy needs a punchy fiscal stimulus, a big booster dose, targeted at the small and unorganised sectors.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Human values: Role of the society, educational institutions, and a family in implanting values.
6. Can online education instill the required human values in our children? Analyze (10M)
Structure of the question
Introduction
Define values in a brief manner in the introduction or else you can talk about how the pandemic has forced us to make a transition to an online mode of education.
Body
- Bring out how the physical mode of education instills human values. Ex: through interaction between children and teachers; between students themselves; through sports; extra co-curricular activities etc.
- Examine whether online education can achieve the above. Try to highlight the potentialities as well as the limitations.
Conclusion
Suggest a way forward to deal with the situation considering the pandemic situation might not abate in the near future
Introduction
It is widely accepted that the learning process is instrumental in shaping one’s personality and the way he/she deals with situations of life. The shift of thoughts from bookish knowledge to knowledge of life, in schools, has brought forth a sea of change.
Children learn from watching each other and from modeling what they see other children doing. That’s a huge missing piece in remote learning. Learning is a social endeavor, which online learning does not provide.
Body
In addition, school provides socio-emotional benefits as students forge relationships with their teachers — relationships that help them get questions answered and information clarified. That process is much easier in a classroom setting.
Disadvantages of online education: Deprivation of social interaction and human values
- By keeping children under isolation from schools, we are depriving them of the in-person free play and social interaction that are critical to their development and emotional well-being.
- In the current educational scenario, a child learns to go beyond the traditional way of rote learning.
- They are taught to develop a mind of their own and through the flexible curriculum, curiosity is promoted.
- Importance of imagination is stressed upon extensively.
- Play enaction and an encompassing curriculum lead to a well-developed cognitive system.
- There is deprivation of all the above factors that shape personality of children.
- The values of friendship, loyalty, kindness, compassion, are robbed from being instilled in children.
- Motivation is lost in children. Young people like to make plans for the future, and it’s difficult to do that when they don’t know how long this new way of life will last.
- A dearth of one-on-one interactions with teachers and peers is also likely to have an impact because those interactions help students develop fundamental social emotional skills. They learn to understand how another person is feeling, when to offer help, and when to apologize.
- Teamwork, cooperation happens when children play sports.
- Students learn, with intervention from teachers, how to work through conflicts, but conflict doesn’t come up nearly so much in online classrooms.
- Students with neurodevelopmental disorders that affect executive function, such as ADHD, are at a disadvantage
But in times of pandemic, we need to adapt to the circumstances. Although the mental health consequences of staying home for school may be daunting, psychologists believe that it’s possible to mitigate the impact on children—if parents and teachers are willing to find new ways to leverage what research has shown about effective learning strategies.
Distance learning can also provide an opportunity for kids to develop self-regulation skills—the ability to manage progress toward goals—more rapidly and earlier in life than usual.
Conclusion
Educators must give children choices about how they accomplish the tasks to encourage their sense of autonomy. They must offer personalized, genuine feedback about the work they are doing in online school.In times of pandemic, we need to adapt to the circumstances. Although the mental health consequences of staying home for school may be daunting, psychologists believe that it’s possible to mitigate the impact on children—if parents and teachers are willing to find new ways to leverage what research has shown about effective learning strategies.
Topic: Ethics and Human interface: The essence of ethics, determinants, and consequences of ethics in human interactions.
Structure of the question
Introduction
Define religion in a brief manner.
Body
- Elucidate by giving examples as to how religion and rationalism have existed peacefully and at times at odds since historical times.
- You can quote incidents that happened during the pandemic, claims made in the Indian national science congress, etc.
- Suggest how a harmonious relationship could be established between the two. You can introduce the philosophy of Swami Vivekananda over here. Ex: Applying rational principles to interpret religion
Conclusion
Conclude in a positive manner emphasizing a balance of spiritualism and scientific temper in the society.
Introduction
Faith and rationality exist in varying degrees of conflict or compatibility. Rationality is based on reason or facts. Faith is belief in inspiration, revelation, or authority. The word faith sometimes refers to a belief that is held with lack of reason or evidence, a belief that is held in spite of or against reason or empirical evidence, or it can refer to belief based upon a degree of evidential warrant.
Body
Background
- Broadly speaking, there are three categories of views regarding the relationship between faith and rationality.
- Rationalism holds that truth should be determined by reason and factual analysis, rather than faith, dogma, or religious teaching.
- Fideism holds that faith is necessary, and that beliefs must be held without evidence or reason, or even in conflict with evidence and reason.
- Natural theology holds one can rationally infer that God exists, through inductive or deductive reasoning.
Can faith in religion and rationality coexist peacefully?
No
- Martin Luther taught that faith and reason were antithetical, in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason.
- For instance it in the Indian National Science Congress, statements regarding mythology and science were said which caused a lot of controversy.
- During the Pandemic, the Tableeghi Jamaat was accused of bringing the virus into the country.
- There are many beliefs that are held by faith alone, that rational thought would force the mind to reject.
- As an example, many people believe in the Biblical story of Noah’s flood: that the entire Earth was covered by water for forty days.
- But most plants cannot survive being covered by water for that length of time, so one must choose between accepting the story on faith and rejecting reason, or rejecting the story by reason and thus rejecting faith (in the instance).
- The ‘personal religious observances’ in question (Namaz, rath pujas) are also public, and what we do in public has the potential to be the subject of debate.
Yes, they can exist peacefully
- Faith in religion is something very private and belongs to personal sphere of life. Such discussions may happen within the family and can be preached to those who give their consent willingly in learning the religion and its faith.
- When religion is brought into public sphere, it may create fault lines as two faiths may have divergent beliefs. These beliefs or practices may be unacceptable to one another.
- Thus, if religion stays in private life and rationality is accepted as common-sense value, the two can co-exist together.
- Example, Gandhij was a highly religious person, while he also embraced tenets of other religion. But he was also very rational and open minded.
- In India every citizen has a right to follow their own religion and religious practices.
No matter the circumstances there is always going to be those people that only believe in fact and those people that only believe in there faith but there will also be that one person who will believe in both. There is always going to be a middle line between them both and no matter what explanation needs to be explained, there always going to be one that picks up where ever the other left off.
Conclusion
Religion and science are like oil and water. They might co-exist, but they can never mix to produce a homogeneous medium. Religion and science are fundamentally incompatible. They disagree profoundly on how we obtain knowledge of the world. Science is based observation and reasoning from observation. Religion assumes that human beings can access a deeper level of information that is not available by either observation or reason. The scientific method is proven by its success. The religious method is refuted by its failure.
Science will be there to provide explanations to where religion came short and religion will be there to provide explanations to where science came short. They can coexist
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