[MISSION 2022] INSIGHTS CURRENT AFFAIRS ( 18 January 2022 ) REVISION THROUGH MCQS – INSIGHTSIAS

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Ring of Fire is a Pacific region home to over 450 volcanoes, including three of the world’s four most active volcanoes –Mount St. Helens in the USA, Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. It is also sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
  • Around 90% of the world’s earthquakes occur in the Ring of Fire, and 80% of the world’s largest earthquakes.
• Location:
  • It stretches along the Pacific Ocean coastlines, where the Pacific Plate grinds against other, smaller tectonic plates that form the Earth’s crust – such as the Philippine Sea plate and the Cocos and Nazca Plates that line the edge of the Pacific Ocean.
  • The 40,000 kilometre horse-shoe-shaped ring loops from New Zealand to Chile, passing through the coasts of Asia and the Americas on the way.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/01/18/tonga-volcanic-eruption/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• A volcano can be active, dormant or extinct.
• An eruption takes place when magma (a thick flowing substance), formed when the earth’s mantle melts, rises to the surface.
  • Because magma is lighter than solid rock, it is able to rise through vents and fissures on the surface of the earth. After it has erupted, it is called lava.
  • Not all volcanic eruptions are explosive, since explosivity depends on the composition of the magma.
• The Ring of Fire is home to about 75 per cent of the world’s volcanoes and about 90 per cent of its earthquakes.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/01/18/tonga-volcanic-eruption/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. The ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit.
• The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratoryin which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields.
• The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars.
• The ISS programme is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA.
• The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements.
• The station is divided into two sections, the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS), which is shared by many nations

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/01/18/213706/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• A sitting of Parliament can be terminated by adjournment or adjournment sine die or prorogation or dissolution (in the case of the Lok Sabha).
• Adjournment: It suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks.
• Adjournment sine die: It means terminating a sitting of Parliament for an indefinite period.
• In other words, when the House is adjourned without naming a day for reassembly.
• The power of adjournment as well as adjournment sine die lies with the presiding officer (Speaker or Chairman) of the House.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/03/26/termination-of-session-2/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• In India, the Lok Sabha has a five-year term, but can be dissolved earlier. According to Article 83(2) of the Constitution, completion of five years from the first day of its meeting amounts to dissolution of the Lower House. In this case, an election is held to elect the new Members of Parliament. The Lower House can also be dissolved earlier by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. It can also be dissolved if the President feels that no viable government can be formed after the resignation or fall of a regime.
• Prorogation: The President issues a notification for prorogation of the session after the business of a session is completed and the presiding officer declares the House adjourned sine die. The President can also prorogue the House while in session.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/03/26/termination-of-session-2/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S2 & S3: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail is an independent system attached with the Electronic Voting Machines that allows the voters to verify that their votes are cast as intended. When a vote is cast, a slip is printed on the VVPAT printer containing the serial number, name and symbol of the candidate and remains exposed through a transparent window for 7 seconds. Thereafter, this printed slip automatically gets cut and falls in sealed drop box of the VVPAT.
  • The slips can be counted to verify the electronic result stored in the control unit of the EVM. This can be done under certain circumstances only. If a candidate or their agent requests for recount under section 56 D (4) (b) of the Conduct of Election Rules. The election commission has mandated one compulsory verification of slip count with the electronic count for one polling station for every constituency.
• S1: First time use of EVMs occurred in the general election in Kerala in May, 1982; however, the absence of a specific law prescribing its use led to the Supreme Court striking down that election. Subsequently, in 1989, the Parliament amended the Representation of the People Act, 1951 to create a provision for the use of EVMs in the elections (chapter 3).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2021/03/23/voter-verifiable-paper-audit-trail-vvpat/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Ranthambore National Park was established initially as Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India. In 1973, it was declared as one of the Project Tiger reserves in India. It was on 1st November, 1980 that Ranthambore was declared a national park, while the forests located beside it were named Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary & Keladevi Sanctuary.
• Located at the junction of the Aravali and Vindhya hill ranges.
• It is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. It is named after the historic Ranthambore Fort, which lies within the park.
• Ranthambore National Park harbours dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow. The flora of the park includes 539 species of flowering plants.

Refer: https://www.ranthamborenationalpark.com/ranthambore-national-park-detail.html

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: Namdapha National Park is a large protected area in Arunachal Pradesh of Northeast India. It is a biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalayas.
• S2: The national park harbours the northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world at 27°N latitude. It also harbours extensive dipterocarp forests, comprising the northwestern parts of the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests ecoregion. It is the fourth largest national park in India.
• S3: The Namdapha flying squirrel was first collected in the park and described. It is endemic to the park and critically endangered. It was last recorded in 1981 in a single valley within the park.

Refer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdapha_National_Park