[MISSION 2022] SECURE 2022 : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 21 December 2021 – INSIGHTSIAS

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General Studies – 1


 

Topic: Social empowerment

1. Though the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 was a landmark step but much is left to be desired to achieve inclusivity and accessibility for the disabled. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Indian Express

Why the question:

As disabled people, many of us are familiar with the ordeal we must face in getting our additional needs met for giving regular or competitive exams. These challenges range from obtaining timely approvals to use a scribe to getting exam questions in an accessible format and being granted compensatory/extra time. One such issue was at the forefront of a recent Supreme Court judgment delivered by Justice D Y Chandrachud in Avni Prakash v National Testing Agency and Ors.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about literary advancement during Vijayanagar period.

Directive word: 

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.

Body:

First, mention the major provisions of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 and mention how it was a landmark step to boost inclusivity and accessibility.

Next, write about various shortcomings of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 and also additional barriers the disabled face in India.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward to achieve inclusivity.

 


General Studies – 2


 

Topic: issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure

2. In the recent past, growing trends of federalism being challenged by the forces of centralisation were witnessed and it was further highlighted during the pandemic. Critically analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

Prior to the pandemic, a series of steps by the Union government undermined the principles of federalism. Today, amid the pandemic, some elements resonate quite strongly with the States with some of them raising complaints about the Union government’s anti-federal moves.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the centralising tendency witnessed in India and to suggests steps to overcome it.

Directive word: 

Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by defining federalism.

Body:

First, mention the centralising tendencies witnessed in India prior to the pandemic – monetary share of the States in Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS), the terms of reference of the 15th Finance Commission, imposition of demonetisation without adequate consultation with the States, institutionalisation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), outsourcing of the statutory functions under the Smart Cities Mission, a delay in transfer of GST compensation, ‘One Nation One Ration’,

Next, write about how the pandemic response further exacerbated centralising tendencies in India. Bring outs impact.

Next, suggest measures to overcome the same. Give examples from the pandemic response to substantiate.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

 

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

3. Central Asia is not only a key stakeholder in Afghan crisis but with proper geopolitical calibration, it can emerge as a key partner for India to deal with the crisis. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Indian ExpressThe Hindu

Why the question:

The third India-Central Asia Dialogue convened by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on Sunday is one in a series of timely connections to the region by New Delhi this year, spurred in some measure by events in Afghanistan.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about strategic importance of central asia to India to deal with the recent changes in Afghanistan.

Directive word: 

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving context of historical context of India’s relations with central Asia.

Body:

In the first part, mention the economic considerations of India in that region – India for priority development projects in energy, healthcare, connectivity, IT, agriculture, education, etc. India’s ‘Connect Central Asia Policy’, role of INSTC and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in the above-mentioned aspects.

Next, write about long-term security threats emanating out of the region especially in regard to the recent changes witnessed in Afghanistan.

Next, write about the various geopolitical currents in the region and steps that are needed to make central Asian countries a key partner to tide over Afghan crisis.

Conclusion:

Conclude with a way forward to strengthening of India-Central Asia ties.

 


General Studies – 3


 

Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment

4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) prevents overexploitation of many vulnerable species as a result of unregulated international trade but needs an integrated and holistic approach to be further effective. Analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough.

Reference: Environment by Shankar

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the aim and the working of the CITES as well suggest further improvements.

Directive word: 

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by mentioning about CITES and its aims and objectives.

Body:

First, Write about working of the CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and introduction from the sea of species covered by the Convention has to be authorized through a licensing system. Each Party to the Convention must designate one or more Management Authorities in charge of administering that licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities to advise them on the effects of trade on the status of the species. Mention three Appendices of CITES.

Next, write about criticism faced by CITES- e.g many of its member countries lack the strong governance needed to effectively enforce CITES restrictions; Treaty is often criticised for being open to influence by political or emotional motives; The “classic” approach to wildlife protection – law enforcement and protected areas – is holding back conservation in developing countries etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

 

Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment

5. Montreal Protocol’s accomplishments are unprecedented and it continues to provide an inspiring example of what international cooperation at its best can achieve. Elaborate. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Environment by Shankar

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the achievements of Montreal protocol.

Directive:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin the answer by writing about the Vienna Convention and subsequent Montreal Protocol.

Body:

In the first part, write the reasons which make Montreal protocol most successful global climate treaty – negotiations, funds, universal ratification, clear articulation and innovation in substitutes etc.

Next, write about the India’s performance – phasing out Chlorofluorocarbon, Ratifying Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Phase out Management Plan (HPMP) etc. Cite stats with respect to India’s performance and mention its shortcomings.

Conclusion:

Conclude by mentioning the need to learn from the success of Montreal and emulate elsewhere.

 


General Studies – 4


 

Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions

6. What are the determinants that differentiate between a morally right action from a morally wrong one? Explain. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Easy.

Reference: A Practical Approach to Ethics Integrity and Aptitude by D.K Balaji.

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.

Key Demand of the question:

To write in detail about the determinants of Morality of human action.

Directive word: 

Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by saying that Human action is not at free will but determined by various factors.

Body:

Describe how morality of a person’s action varies situationally. Mention various determinants such as object, circumstances such as person/place/time involved and intention(malafide/bonafide) with an example each.

Use a flow chart for better presentation of the above.

Conclusion:

Conclude by saying that there are many obstacles that a person with a fixed moral construct must go through, which may change his action altogether.

 

Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world to the concepts of morality;

7. What do you understand by crisis of conscience? Elaborate with examples. (150 Words)

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about crisis of conscience.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by defining crisis of conscience.

Body:

Next, elaborate upon ‘Crisis of conscience’ is a time when people are worrying because they think that they have done something unfair or morally wrong. It is about a person’s moral sense of right and wrong which acts as a guide to his or her behaviour reaches a crisis point when a difficult or important decision must be made.

Cite examples of substantiate.

Conclusion:

Conclude by stressing on the way to manage crisis of conscience.


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