[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 17 December 2021 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: c)

In drafting the Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act, which was approved by Parliament in December 2008, the then government took out the mandatory elements of the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS)’s proposals, and included neither a National Minimum Social Security Package, nor the provision for mandatory registration.

Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act 2008 provide for the social security and welfare of the unorganised workers (meaning home-based workers, self-employed workers or daily-wage workers). This act received the assent of the President of India on 30 December 2008. It is replaced by The Code On Social Security, 2020.

Source

Solution: a)

The Indian Police Act of 1861 was legislated by the British right after the revolt of 1857 to bring in efficient administration of police in the country and to prevent any future revolts. This act has continued despite Indian being transformed from a British colony to a sovereign Republic.

Solution: d)

How the Constitution of India ensures the independence of the Judiciary?

• Security of Tenure: Once appointed, the judges cannot be removed from the office except by an order of the President and that too on the ground of proven misbehavior and incapacity (Articles 124 and 217).
• The salaries and allowances of the judges are fixed and are not subject to a vote of the legislature.
• Powers and Jurisdiction of Supreme Court: Parliament can only add to the powers and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court but cannot curtail them.
• No discussion in the legislature of the state with respect to the conduct of any judge of Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties.
• Both the Supreme Court and the High Court have the power to punish any person for their contempt.

Solution: b)

The Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of India. It seeks to regulate all clinical establishments in India. The Act requires all clinical establishments to register themselves and provides a set of standard treatment guidelines for common diseases and conditions.

The state governments must adopt the law by passing a resolution in the legislative assemblies. As of March 2018, only 11 states have adopted it. However, not all of these states have made any clear provisions to implement the Act.

The aim of the Act is to register all clinical establishments in India to make it easier to regulate them and implement standard practices. With the exception of the establishments under the military forces, all public and private establishments, including AYUSH establishments, are required to register.

Solution: c)

Communication surveillance in India takes place primarily under two laws:

• The Telegraph Act, 1885.
• The Information Technology Act, 2000.

What does the Telegraph Act say?

• Basically, the Act deals with interception of calls.
• Under this law, the government can intercept calls only in certain situations — the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states or public order, or for preventing incitement to the commission of an offence.

IT Act, 2000:

• Under the IT Act, all electronic transmission of data can be intercepted.
• Apart from the restrictions provided in Section 5(2) of the Telegraph Act and Article 19(2) of the Constitution, Section 69 the IT Act adds another aspect that makes it broader — interception, monitoring and decryption of digital information “for the investigation of an offence”.