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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Hindustan Times
Why the question:
Cyclone Jawad, as predicted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), weakened into a deep depression and subsequently to a depression before turning into a low-pressure area. However, the remnants of the cyclonic storm has caused heavy rainfall to many states, especially West Bengal.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the disaster preparedness and management of cyclones in India.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief introduction on cyclones that have affected India in recent times.
Body:
First, explain that Cyclone Disaster Management encompasses mitigation and preparedness measures for cyclones. The location of India in the north Indian Ocean makes it vulnerable to the tropical cyclone.
Next, write about the measures that are needed – Climate-proofing lives and dwellings is a high priority now, a task that warrants a multi-sectoral approach: to build sturdy homes of suitable design, create adequate storm shelters, provide accurate early warnings, and ensure financial protection against calamities through insurance for property and assets.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 shows negligible gains in nutritional outcomes among under-five children. There has been tardy progress in reducing undernutrition, wasting and stunting. It is a national shame that even now, 35.5% of under-five children are stunted and 19.3% are wasted.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact and suggest measures to tackle malnutrition in India.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic regarding malnutrition in India based on NFHS-5.
Body:
In the first part, write about the consequences of malnutrition – which includes stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age) and micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals). The other is overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer).
Next, write about various policy measures taken so far. Suggest measures to further improve them.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to achieve SDG-2
General Studies – 2
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
A special court in Myanmar’s capital sentenced the country’s ousted leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, to four years in prison on Monday after finding her guilty of incitement and violating coronavirus restrictions.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the long term approach with emphasis on rule of law and democracy in Myanmar.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of the recent Coup of overthrowing democratically elected Parliament and establishing military dictatorship.
Body:
In the first part, trace the historic developments in Myanmar. The New constitutuion of 2008, subsequent release of Aung San Suu Kyi, subsequent elections and a fragile balance between the civilian and military leadership in Myanmar.
Next, write about the impact of the recent coup. Declared state of an emergency, threat of sanctions from the U.S, role of China and the benefits it can accrue from this, India’s security relationship with the Myanmar military, further stalemate on Rohingya issue etc.
Finally, write about what should be the possible India’s response to this. Considering the new geopolitical realities, emphasis on restoring the democratically parliament and popular leadership, maintaining its existing strategic interests despite the turmoil and denying China a monopoly on Myanmar’s infrastructure and resources etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The killing of civilians in a botched ambush by the armed forces in Nagaland’s Mon district on Saturday and its violent fallout have put the spotlight on the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act of 1958.
Key Demand of the question:
To comment as to whether or not AFSPA be repealed.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims of AFSPA.
Body:
First, mention the broad features of AFSPA.
Next, giving context of killing of innocent civilians in Nagaland and other instances of its misuse. Mentions pros and cons of AFSPA.
Conclusion:
Conclude by commenting on the action that India must take with regards to AFSPA.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To Differentiate between Bio-accumulation, Bio-concentration and Bio-magnification.
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin defining Bio-accumulation, Bio-concentration and Bio-magnification.
Body:
First, give examples of the all the above mentioned phenomenon in various terrestrial and aquatic systems.
Next, write about the impact of Bio-magnification – Persistent Pollutants, Buildup in Fats, permanently damage various body systems, impact of animals and birds etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning various measures taken to tackle Bio-magnification.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To describe briefly how nutrient cycle are affected by human activities.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin defining nutrient cycle.
Body:
First, elaborate upon the various components of nutrient cycles.
Next, mention the impact of anthropogenic activities on nutrient cycles like Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorus cycles etc. Suggest measures to rectify the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour;
7. What do you understand by altruism? Discuss. (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define altruism.
Body:
Elaborate, Everyday life is filled with small acts of altruism, from holding the door for strangers to giving money to people in need. News stories often focus on grander cases of altruism, such as a man who dives into an icy river to rescue a drowning stranger or a donor who gives thousands of dollars to a local charity.
Conclusion:
Summarise by highlighting the importance of altruism in present day and the need to use it for positive outcomes.
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