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General Studies – 1
Topic: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
A copy of the Bhagavad Gita, a Parker pen, a Gandhi ‘topi’ (cap) and a ‘tulsi mala’ are some of personal effects of former Prime Minister Morarji Desai that will make their way to the Museum of Prime Ministers set to be inaugurated a few weeks later.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand and highlight the follow up challenge of demographic dividend i.e. high old-age dependency ratio and suggest steps to account for it in policymaking.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give a brief about Morarji Desai and his contribution to India’s freedom struggle.
Body:
Write about the achievements of Morarji Desai in post independent India – battling emergency, stabilising after emergency and undoing its wrong, providing alternative to congress, Against Inequality etc.
Next, write about his efforts as a peace activist – efforts to initiate peace between, Pakistan and India, restoring friendly relations with China and Pakistan and vowed to avoid armed conflict.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising his contributions.
Topic: population and associated issues.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: New Indian Express
Why the question:
According to the World Health Organization, India’s elderly population will rise from its current 60 million to over 227 million by 2050.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand and highlight the follow up challenge of demographic dividend i.e. high old-age dependency ratio and suggest steps to account for it in policymaking.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
India’s demographic transition, characterized by a bulge in its youth population, which can be a window of opportunity to accelerate growth. However, a parallelly occurring phenomenon that requires equal attention is rapid ageing. Cite statistic to substantiate it.
Body:
In the first part, write about the various economic shifts associated with the elderly – With increasing age, persons increasingly have to move out labour force leading to loss of employment and income. This also entails reduction in their self-esteem and well-being. Lack of adequate financial resources make it more difficult to handle old age related issues and requirements.
Next, write about the various social shifts associated with the elderly – Physiological Problems:, Housing related Problems, Housing for the aged, Elderly care, Crime against Aged persons etc.
Next, in brief mention the various policy measures taken so far. Suggest measures to further improve them.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to achieved SDG of “no one to be left behind”.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The cooperative movement in India has regained focus after the Union Government recently created a Ministry of Cooperation to provide a separate administrative legal and policy framework for streamlining the cooperatives.
Key Demand of the question:
To examine the challenges faced by Cooperatives in India and suggest measures.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give a brief about history cooperatives in India.
Body:
First mention various success stories and benefits associated with cooperatives. Amul, IFFCO etc.
Next, mention different problems associated with cooperatives – institutional financial lacunae, policy hurdles, administrative issues, sources of credit, capital equipment, and state-of-the-art technology for producers.
Next, suggest steps for overcoming the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Director-General, ICMR, said that there was no scientific evidence thus far to administer a booster vaccine dose to fully vaccinated people. The priority instead was to increase the percentage of people who are vaccinated with two doses.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the choice India has to make between whether to go for a booster dose or to increasing vaccine coverage in India and continue supplying vaccines globally.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding spread of Omicron variant and uncertainty associated with it.
Body:
First, mention the need for going for a third booster dose in addition the first two. Highlight its pros and cons.
Next, mention the need to continue increasing vaccine coverage in India as well to ensure adequate supply of vaccines globally. Highlight its pros and cons.
Conclusion:
Conclude by commenting on the action that India must take.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
5. Examine as to why Ecotones are considered areas of great environmental importance. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of ecotones.
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin defining ecotone.
Body:
First, mention briefly how ecotones are formed. Mentioned about the edge effect.
Next, write about the importance of ecotones – providing an area for a large number of species, nesting, food provisions, greater genetic diversity, serve as bridges of “gene flow” and buffer-zone” protecting the neighbouring ecosystem from possible environmental damage
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the importance and how Ecotones provide a sensitive indicator of global change.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the importance of biosphere functions in sustainable development.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin defining sustainable development.
Body:
First, mention briefly various functions of biosphere. Give various instances of depleting natural resources. Cite earth overshoot day to substantiate.
Next, bring out the impact of the same – The increase in human population levels and the harvesting of more of Earth’s natural resources has led to overexploitation. Human activities are causing major alterations to the patterns of energy flow and nutrient cycling through ecosystems, and these activities are eliminating populations and species.
Next, mention how the above can be incorporated to achieved sustainable development.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world to the concepts of morality;
7. Compare and contrast intrinsic and instrumental good. (150 Words)
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To compare between intrinsic good and instrumental good.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Among the aspects of “good” that philosophers discuss is whether a particular thing is valued because it is good in and of itself, or because it leads to some other “good.”
Body:
First, An intrinsic good is something that is good in and of itself, not because of something else that may result from it. In ethics, a “value” possesses intrinsic worth. Substantiate with examples.
Next, An instrumental good, on the other hand, is useful for attaining something else that is good. It is instrumental in that it that leads to another good, but it is not good is and of itself. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.
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