[Mission 2022] QUIZ – 2020: INSIGHTS STATIC QUIZ , 27 October 2021 – Geography – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: b)

Troposphere is the most important layer of the atmosphere for human beings. The air we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather phenomena like rainfall, fog and hailstorm occur in this layer.

Solution: d)

When the moisture is deposited in the form of water droplets on cooler surfaces of solid objects, it is known as dew. The ideal conditions for its formation are clear sky, calm air, high relative humidity, and cold and long nights.
For the formation of dew, it is necessary that the dew point is above the freezing point.

Frost forms on cold surfaces when condensation takes place below freezing point, i.e. the dew point is at or below the freezing point. The excess moisture is deposited in the form of minute ice crystals instead of water droplets.

Solution: b)

Normally, temperature decreases with increase in elevation. It is called normal lapse rate. At times, the situations is reversed and the normal lapse rate is inverted. It is called Inversion of temperature.

Surface inversion promotes stability in the lower layers of the atmosphere. Smoke and dust particles get collected beneath the inversion layer and spread horizontally to fill the lower strata of the atmosphere. Dense fogs in mornings are common occurrences especially during winter season. This inversion
commonly lasts for few hours until the sun comes up and beings to warm the earth.

With the change of air temperature, the capacity to retain moisture increases or decreases. Warm air can hold more water vapour than cold air.

Sublimation is the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage.

Solution: a)

Islands and coastal areas 10° to 20° north or south of the equator usually have a tropical marine climate. The ocean is the main influence in creating the tropical marine climate.

The temperature ranges from 25°C to 35°C. The trade winds blow all year round. The trade winds are moist, as they have passed over warm seas.

Since they are easterlies, they cause greater precipitation on the eastern coasts and run dry on the western coasts and interiors.

Solution: b)

In peninsular India, rainfall decreases from coast to interior parts. The reason is that the a) interiors are on the rain shadow side, and b) moisture is soaked up with the movement of the clouds inwards as they shower the hilly regions of the west coast.

The Northeast monsoon travels from the northeast to the southwest.

The summer monsoon moves in exactly the opposite direction — from the southwest to the northeast. That is why it is called the southwest monsoon.