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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
1. The balancing act of solar and terrestrial energy flows defines the energy balance of the planet. Earth’s heat balance is an extremely important factor in making the Earth liveable. Discuss. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain the concept of heat balance and its importance.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define the concept of heat budget in brief.
Body:
First write about that the sun is continuously radiating energy, the earth as a whole does not accumulate or lose heat. It maintains its temperature. This is popularly known as heat budget or heat balance of the earth. This can happen only if the amount of heat received in the form of insulation is equal to the amount lost by the earth in the form of terrestrial radiation.
Next, briefly explain the different ways of heating and cooling of the atmosphere.
Next, mention the how the heat balancing makes the life possible on earth.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the importance of heat balancing.
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
2. The earth’s atmosphere is a multi-layered cake, each layer having its own specific traits and functions. Elaborate. (250 words).
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To how the regions of the atmosphere are divided on the basis of temperature, the explanation of each layer along with the reasons how they are significant for us.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Write about the temperature classification and atmosphere can be divided into troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere and the thermosphere.
Body:
Draw a neat labelled diagram of the layers of atmosphere which will help you save up on words as well as provide an opportunity to mention in more facts and details.
Explain the above layers and how they are significant for us. For instance, flights fly in tropopause to evade turbulence, the significance of ionosphere for radio communication etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the importance of atmosphere.
Topic: Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
3. It is said that one form of communalism fattens another form of communalism. Comment in the light of recent events in Bangladesh and its repercussions and reactions in India. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The post Durga Puja violence against Hindus in Bangladesh has found disturbing resonance in neighbouring Tripura.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how communalism escalates by sharp reactions and ingrained bigotry.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define communalism.
Body:
First, write about the reasons contributing to Communalism; Vested political interests, Rise of communal organisations, Politicization of local problems, Religious fundamentalism etc. Mention how there is a interplay among the factors which leads to escalation of communal clashes. Substantiate with examples.
Discuss the impact of communalism on Indian society; impact on social fabric, economy, polity etc.
Conclusion:
Suggest way forward for eradicating communalism.
General Studies – 2
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
4. India’s carefully calibrated strategy in the Central Asian region is guided by mutual reciprocal interests both in economic and strategic terms. However, the recent events have brought up new challenges to India interests. Analyse. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The dramatic developments in Afghanistan have catalysed new geostrategic and geoeconomic concerns for the region. The evolving situation has also thrown up renewed challenges for India’s regional and bilateral ties with Central Asia and the Caucasus, prompting India to recalibrate its rules of engagement with the region.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about economic and strategic importance of central asia to India and also how the recent changes in Afghanistan will affect it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of historical context of India’s relations with central Asia.
Body:
In the first part, mention the economic considerations of India in that region – India for priority development projects in energy, healthcare, connectivity, IT, agriculture, education, etc.
Next, write about long-term security threats emanating out of the region especially in regard to the recent changes witnessed in Afghanistan.
Also, mention India’s ‘Connect Central Asia Policy’, role of INSTC and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in the above-mentioned aspects.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to better manage ties.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
5. Examine as to why missile defense remains vital for India’s effort to maintain its strategic stability. How can India take advantage of ongoing ‘missile race’ between China and U.S? (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
US officials expressing shock at this development and comparing China’s hypersonic missile tests to a “Sputnik moment”, a Cold War reference.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about rationale behind India’s missile defense programmed and how India can benefits from the ongoing missile friction from U.S-China.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start the answer by writing the core components of India’s missile development programme.
Body:
First, write about the various reasons which prompt India to have such an elaborate missile in their Arsenal – Threats in India’s neighbourhood, proliferation of Missiles in India’s neighbourhood, and the policies being followed by India’s adversaries, chances unauthorized or accidental launch etc.
Next, write about the escalating missile crisis between U.S-China. Write how India to could take advantage out of it and steps that are needed in this regard. Add, how India’s membership of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) will help in this regard.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward
Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
6. Critically analyse the role of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in implementing anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT) measures to stop criminals and terrorists from abusing the financial system. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The global terror financing watchdog, Financial Action Task Force (FATF), has added Turkey, along with Jordan and Mali, in its revised list of “jurisdictions under increased monitoring”.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the performance of FATF in implementing anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT) measures
Directive word:
Critically analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of FATF.
Body:
First, write about the various ways FATF tackles money laundering and terror financing – blacklist and grey list, measures like – Economic sanctions from IMF, World Bank and ADB etc, Reduction in international trade and international boycott etc.
Next, write about the successes and limitations of the above methodology of FATF. Write further steps to taken in this regard especially in the light of recent events.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance;
7. Moral philosophies create a clear vision of the moral standpoints which leads us in an ethical direction. Elaborate. (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how Moral philosophies guide our moral compass to describe conscience, our inner sense of right and wrong offers a framework to guide our actions.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by describing what you understand by moral compass (conscience) which governs the actions you take in day-to-day life.
Body:
Elaborate on how the moral philosophies aids in deciding what right from is wrong. Use examples to substantiate your points. Example, Rights Theory that obligates us to respect the rights of others and live up to our obligations towards them.
Another Example is to utilitarian perspective to do maximum good for maximum people.
Conclusion:
Complete the answer by bring out how the moral compass prevents us acting purely from self-interest and helps us live a life of integrity.
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