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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: History of modern world by Jain & Mathur
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
The sequence of colonisation by European countries in late 19th century and early 20th century (phase of new imperialism).
Directive:
Delineate – describe the issue/matter with accuracy or in detail in a chronological order..
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin your answer by writing how colonisation in new imperialism was different from earlier colonisation – new areas such as those in continental Africa were being colonised now.
Body:
First, mention the causes behind rise of this new phase of imperialism.
Next, write about the European countries and the areas they occupied in chronological manner, and any conflicts they had amongst each other and how they resolved such conflicts (ex: scramble for Africa) or not (ex: conquest of Tunis by France, much to the chagrin of Italy).
Next, write about the impact of the above.
Conclusion:
Write what New Imperialsim led to – the World Wars and eventually decolonisation.
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: History of modern world by Jain & Mathur
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the decolonisation of Cyprus and the role played by U.N in it since 1964.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Write what the situation in Cyprus was at the time of its decolonisation, and what enosis means (unification of Cyprus with Greece).
Body:
Frist, discuss the process of decolonisation in Cyprus – mention the efforts that were taken to politically mobilise the people, Cyprus Emergency, Turkish Cypriots and how it found itself divided soon after.
Next, write about the reasons for as to why enosis did not take place.
Next, Proceed to discuss the role played by the UN since its independence especially emphasising on the peace keeping.
Conclusion:
Highlight recent developments (efforts to reunite, then the latest news – election in self-declared Turkish republic of northern Cyprus, of an anti-unification nationalist)
Topic: urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Maharashtra announced that 43 cities across the State will join the UN-backed ‘Race to Zero’ global campaign, which aims to create jobs while meeting goals of climate change and sustainable development.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of incorporating the impact of climate change in our urban development plans and taking steps to tackle it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Citing the recent IPCC report – mention the growing concerns of climate change.
Body:
First, in brief, how climate change is impacting modern cities and its predicted impact in the future. Substantiate with examples. Also, mention how the progress made so far maybe be nullified due to the impact of climate change.
Next, write about the steps that are needed in this regard to address it – Climate planning and city planning, Stakeholders and participation, Vulnerability assessment, Monitoring and evaluation etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
4. Amrut 2.0 is a renewed approach towards making the country water secure. Elaborate. (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , pib.gov.in
Why the question:
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0 was launched by the Prime Minister and it aims to create water balance plans for all cities.
Key Demand of the question:
To mention the features of AMRUT 2.0 and how it would address the water issues in the country.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Write about aims and objectives of AMRUT 2.0.
Body:
Firstly, mention the salient features of AMRUT 2.0
Next, highlight the various water issues plaguing the nation.
Next analyse on the important action points in AMRUT 2.0 to address the earlier mentioned issues – Recycle and reuse of treated wastewater, fresh water bodies will be protected from getting polluted, Aquifer Management system etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning that a multi-stakeholder approach is the need of the hour to resolve the water crisis in the country.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
India has made remarkable progress in enhancing production of pulses during the past 15 years. During 2005-06, the total production of pulses in India was 13.38 million MT, which increased to 25.58 million MT during 2020-21.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of pulses in nutritional security and agriculture.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the rapid growth witnessed in the production of pulses in India in the recent years.
Body:
First, write about the nutritional benefits of pulses for a country like India.
Next, write about how cultivation of pulses leads to sustainable agriculture systems – improved resilience to climate change, adaptability to new niches (early maturity and heat tolerance), efficient seed production etc.
Next, suggest measures that are further needed to achieve self-sufficiency.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
India is set to host its largest naval exercise, Ex Milan, early next year for which 46 countries have been invited.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the role of soft diplomacy for India in its International affairs and regional geopolitics
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Introduction:
Begin by describing India’s geographic location and the corresponding potential and the need for military exercises.
Body:
First give a few instances of few military exercises with friendly nations in the recent past such as Malabar exercise, Yudh Abhyas etc.
Next, stress on the potential outcomes of such exercises such as for Naval exercises, it would improve the operational turnaround and improve logistics of the armed forces in the region and also improve Maritime Domain Awareness.
Next mention that the benefit ranges from inter-operability to demonstration of capabilities, developing trust, comradery and familiarity between militaries.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning that such exercises are a key to confidence building measure (CBM) and an indication of the faith reposed by India on another nation or a group of member nations.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker- sections.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Key Demand of the question:
trace the link between non-partisanship in public administration and equality amongst citizens.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by highlighting the importance of neutrality and non-partisanship in public administration.
Body:
Begin by talking about values which are important to the level of justice and continuity in public administration with suitable examples.
Mention about how public servants must be accountable to the government for the effective delivery of its programs.
Then finally talk about responsiveness of the administration to the government of the day within the law and the how constitution is key to the effective implementation of government policies in an equitable manner.
Conclusion:
Complete the answer by suggesting ways for neutrality in public administration in an increasingly polarizing world.
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