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General Studies – 1
Topic: The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Chapter-16 – A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir (Spectrum Publishers), Chapter 15 – India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 as mentioned in Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the nature of the Khilafat movement and how its carved out the space for the emergence of Non-cooperation movement.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give the context for the launch of Khilafat movement
Body:
Describe the features of Khilafat movement such as its pan-Islamic nature across the world, as well as it trying to align its goals towards Indian Nationalism, rise of two streams of education among Indian Muslims, rise of political organisations such as All-India Khilafat Committee and the Jamiat al-Ulama-e-Hind, important leaders and the rising anti- British sentiments.
Mention the role of Gandhi in Khilafat movement, that through Gandhi’s interlinking of the demands of the Khilafat leaders and leaders of INC and the disappointment of the Khilafat leaders with the Peace treaty of 1920,and various grievances of Congress, Sins of Jallianwala Bagh led to the rise of the Non-cooperation movement.
Conclusion:
Write about how the movement functioned jointly and its achievements.
Topic: The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Chapter 15 – India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 as mentioned in Mission-2022 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To examine the reasoning behind calling off the non-cooperation movement at its peak.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the violence in Chauri-Chaura, which was against the ideas of ahimsa and satyagraha that lead to the suspension of NCM.
Body:
Write about Gandhi’s response to the violent incidents and recall of most widespread mass struggle, Non-Cooperation movement.
Write about how people questioned the motives of Gandhi. The confusion regarding its withdrawal as to why such a huge movement be suspended for a small incident and doubts that were expressed in Gandhi’s ability to lead the freedom struggle.
Next, mention as to why the withdrawal was the strategic retreat by Gandhi and save the satyagrahis from severe repression of the government.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning Gandhi’s strict adherence to the principles of non-violence even at the cost of doubts among his followers or taking a step back in the arena of the Indian national freedom struggle.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes;
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the second phase of the Ujjwala gas connection scheme for the poor and said it would provide the biggest relief to lakhs of migrant worker families in the country.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about aims of Ujjwala 2.0, the bottlenecks that the poor face in accessing LPG and to suggest measures to overcome those.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you must pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by explaining the aims and objectives of Ujjwala 2.0 (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana).
Body:
Write a brief comparison with its earlier version, its successes and limitations and how Ujjwala 2.0 is an improvement over its previous version.
Next, write about the various impediments like affordability, administrative issues, low value for women’s labour etc poor face while accessing LPG which causes them to continue to use firewood and cow dung as fuel.
Write the measures that need to be taken to enhance and promote the usage of LPG. Mention the aspect of integrating other forms clean energy apart from LPG which is accessible and affordable.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
An expert panel, set up by an institute under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), has predicted a third wave of COVID-19 hitting the country anytime between September and October and suggested significantly ramping up vaccination pace.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the consideration that must be taken in to account regarding the vaccination strategy for Children.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of the recent report of expert panel about the third wave and its recommendations to prepare for it.
Body:
Mention the importance of ramping vaccinations in order to prevent a third wave or minimise its impact.
Next, write about areas of concern with respect handling of covid-19. Pseudo standard treatment guidelines (STG), Use of unproven medicines, over-treating leading to major side effects etc.
Mention about countries that have already started vaccinating children. Bring out the considerations to have a fool proof vaccination policy for Children. Evidence based policy making, robust trials, considering comorbid children, negating popular or influential calls to vaccinate in haste.
Conclusion:
Conclude by underling that a proper vaccination strategy must go hand in hand with other preventative strategies to reduce the impact of the third wave.
General Studies – 3
Topic: changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
As per the MSME Ministry data, India has approximately 6.3 crore MSMEs. A policy realignment is needed to get the best of them to achieve its aims and objectives.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about contribution of MSME in India’s growth, the issues affecting MSMEs and changes that are needed to Revamp them.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving factual status of proportion of MSME vis-à-vis the population dependent on it also adding the dimension of the demographic demand of India.
Body:
Elaborate upon the importance of MSMEs in socio-economic development of the country. GDP growth, Job creation, exports and entrepreneurship etc.
Mention about the challenges of the MSMEs such as skilling, linkage with the e commerce industries, upgrading of marketing skills and meeting new market needs.
Mention the steps that are needed to address the above issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward and summarising the overall impact of MSMEs in socio-economic development of India.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Two severe cyclones, Tauktae and Yaas, made landfall in India in May. They killed 199 people and wreaked havoc on millions. As cyclones become more frequent, putting further measures in place to mitigate the effects of such disasters is increasingly urgent.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about reasons for increased frequency of devastating cyclones in India and suggest measures to mitigate them.
Directive word:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by providing context, the two severe cyclones, Tauktae and Yaas and how the frequency of cyclones has been increasing.
Body:
In first part, cite the data and write the reasons for increasing frequency of cyclones on both the eastern and western coast of India. Increasing sea surface temperatures in the northern Indian Ocean and the changing geo-climatic conditions in India etc.
Next, bring out the economic costs and human costs as a result of devastation caused by the severe cyclones.
Mention short term measures – installing a disaster warning system in the coastal districts, and construction of evacuation shelters in cyclone-prone districts etc.
Mention long term measures – Embankments that are resilient to storm surges, improved prevention of flooding from swollen rivers and coastal mangrove habitats regeneration etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: dimensions of ethics;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain the concept of Moral Relativism using examples.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by defining moral relativism and its aspects
Body:
Write the core argument on which moral relativism is based on, the existing differences in the moralities that people accept and live by. Mention various factors that give rise to Moral relativism.
Give few illustrations in the context of capital punishment, euthanasia, eating meat etc. and the varied constraints and dimensions based on which the morality of a situation or action is judged.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying often, morality is more relative than absolute.
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