[Mission 2022] QUIZ – 2021: INSIGHTS STATIC , 18 August 2021 – History – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: d)

The partition of Bengal announced on 07 July 1905 by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, and implemented on 16 October 1905.

Solution: b)

The following major decisions were taken at the Lahore session.

• The Round Table Conference was to be boycotted.
• Complete independence was declared as the aim of the Congress.
• Congress Working Committee was authorised to launch a programme of civil disobedience including non-payment of taxes and all members of legislatures were asked to resign their seats.
• January 26, 1930 was fixed as the first Independence (Swarajya) Day, to be celebrated everywhere.

Solution: c)

The militant nationalists tried to transform the anti-partition and Swadeshi Movement into a mass struggle and gave the slogan of India’s independence from foreign rule. “Political freedom is the life breath of a nation,” declared Aurobindo. Thus, the Extremists gave the idea of India’s independence the central place in India’s politics. The goal of independence was to be achieved through self-sacrifice.

Solution: b)

Extremists:

1. Social base—educated middle and lower middle classes in towns.
2. Ideological inspiration—Indian history, cultural heritage and Hindu traditional symbols.
3. Rejected ‘providential mission theory’ as an illusion.
4. Believed that political connections with Britain would perpetuate British exploitation of India.
5. Believed that the British Crown was unworthy of claiming Indian loyalty.
6. Had immense faith in the capacity of masses to participate and to make sacrifices.
7. Demanded swaraj as the panacea for Indian ills.
8. Did not hesitate to use extraconstitutional methods like boycott and passive resistance to achieve their objectives.
9. They were patriots who made sacrifices for the sake of the country.

Solution: d)

A sharp reaction was created in the Indian mind by Curzon’s seven-year rule in India which was full of missions, commissions and omissions. He refused to recognise India as a nation, and insulted Indian nationalists and the intelligentsia by describing their activities as “letting off of gas”. He spoke derogatorily of Indian character in general. Administrative measures adopted during his rule—the Official Secrets Act, the Indian Universities Act, the Calcutta Corporation Act.

• Number of Indian members in Calcutta Corporation were reduced.
• Official Secrets Act curbed freedom of press.
• Indian Universities Act ensured greater government control over universities, which it described as factories producing political revolutionaries.