[MISSION 2022] SECURE 2022 : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 17 August 2021 – INSIGHTSIAS

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Dear Students,

Good morning.

A lot of answers were written yesterday. We saw a lot of freshers beginning their answer writing journey. It is a very commendable effort and we appreciate your resolve to get better at answer writing. The veterans too wrote very good answers even for tough questions. Answers for Modern Indian history, power dynamics of India, Geo-engineering and philosophical question on Eudaimonism were well written. Good job.

Today a new set of questions are here. Write them well. May you conquer answer writing like Team India conquered Lords.

Have a good day!


General Studies – 1


 

Topic :  Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.

1. The new political thrust witnessed in the years between 1875 and 1885 was the creation of the younger, more radical nationalist intellectuals and by 1885, the formation of an all-India political organization had become an objective necessity. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Chapter 5 – India’s Struggle for Independence.

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 as mentioned in Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the culmination of political activity in the second half of nineteenth century resulted in the formation of Indian National Congress.

Directive word: 

Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Give context of rising discontent of the Indians with the British administrative actions and a political awakening witnessed amongst Indians.

Body:

Describe the rise of various regional associations with new leaders and their sense of urgency to form a national association calling for a unified representation against the British ill-administration. Rise of more vocal newspapers and the demand for freedom of press, Equal rights of Indian executives in the British administration, regional political organisations that came up across India etc culminating in the formation of INC.

Conclusion:

Conclude by describing how the formation of INC gave India a mantle to carry out its struggle for independence.

 

Topic : Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.

2. Indian nationalism was territorial rather than ethnic or religious, but it was plural, non-coercive and civil. Analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough.

Reference: Chapter-10 – A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir (Spectrum Publishers)

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 as mentioned in Mission-2022 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the nature of Indian nationalism and various facets if it.

Directive word: 

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin your answer by defining Nationalism.

Body:

Elaborate on the vast diversity of India in terms of religion, language, cultural differences and how many British scholars expressed that the political idea of India as a nation to be farce.

Write about how despite the vast cultural and ethnic differences, the idea of territory called India was one of the common bonds on which early Indian nationalism was based.

Further, analyse as to how Indian nationalism rose under the common exploitation of the British and elaborate on its features of plurality and civility.

Conclusion:

After discussing the nature of Indian Nationalism, conclude by highlighting its multi-cultural and non-coercive facet and led Indian Independence.

 

Topic : Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

3. The policymakers are adapting food security programmes to the malnutrition storm brought forth by the pandemic, but it is also crucial to consider the ‘hidden hunger’ aspect ofs it. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy.

Reference: Live Mintvikaspedia.in

Why the question:

Covid-19 has brought with it a malnutrition storm, which is unwinding all the development gains that the country has made so far. The article suggests steps to overcome it.

Key Demand of the question:

To address the issue of malnutrition and hidden hunger exacerbated by the pandemic.

Directive word: 

Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Start by defining ‘Hidden Hunger’ and its impact. (The second link provided above, explains the concept of hidden hunger in detail).

Body:

In the first part of the body, quote data from national family health survey-5 to show the extent of malnutrition in India. Also, bring in the how the pandemic has exacerbated by this issue. (Tip: Make a note of facts/figures/data you use in your answers in a separate book/sheet to collect it and use it in your answers and essays in the future)

In the next part, briefly mention how policy makers have been dealing with the disruption created by the pandemic.

Next, suggest steps to overcome the crisis of malnutrition and hidden hunger. Nutrition through diversified food sources, Food fortification and Micronutrient supplementation. Substantiate these suggestions by citing examples of successful initiatives of various state government.

Conclusion:

Conclude by underscoring the importance of elimination of hunger and malnutrition in development of our country as well as achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

 


General Studies – 2


 

Topic : Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential.

4. Results-based governance ultimately aims to improve government service delivery by giving decision-makers the tools and incentives to craft appropriate policies and programmes. Comment. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: Live Mint

Why the question:

The United Nations Development Program recently lauded India’s Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) for significant improvements in its outcomes. It is the world’s largest initiative in results-based governance.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about how result-based governance can make public service delivery more effective and efficient in order to achieve broader socio-economic goals.

Directive word:                               

Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin the answer by explaining the concept of result-based governance.

Body:

Mention the importance of administrative data to foster systems change and improve lives on the ground and how penetration of technology has aided in the above.

Write in detail about how result-based governance can be used for improving the rigour of existing scheme-supervision processes. Give the case study of Niti Aayog’s Aspirational districts programme (ADP).

Suggest steps improving the rigour of existing scheme-supervision processes and moving towards automation for better efficacy.

Conclusion:

Comment on how this can be used at a larger scale to implement better programmes, design robust policies and ultimately transform lives in India.

 


General Studies – 3


 

Topic :  Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

5. Climate change mitigation requires collaboration and cooperation between the global north and south to move towards equitable cumulative emission targets rather than net zero emissions. Examine in the light of recent IPCC report. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

The recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), titled ‘Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis’ has brought to light new findings regarding Air Pollution and Climate Change.

Key Demand of the question:

To examine that climate change be addressed with greater collaborative efforts and to make a case for great convergence between north and south.

Directive word: 

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving context about the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Body:

In the first part, mention the key findings of the report. (Tip: Make a note of facts/figures/data you use in your answers in a separate book/sheet to collect it and use it in your answers and essays in the future)

In the next part, write about the disparities and disagreements between global North-South which is affecting the fight against Climate Change.

In the last part, argue for moving to cumulative emission targets keeping equity and historical responsibility in mind as well as the socio-economic development aspirations of the global south.

Conclusion:

Conclude with a way forward in order to achieve convergence and cooperation.

 


General Studies – 4


 

Topic : Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions

6. The morality of the human action depends on three main determinants: object, circumstances and intention. Elucidate. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate.

Reference: A Practical Approach to Ethics Integrity and Aptitude by D.K Balaji.

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.

Key Demand of the question:

To write in detail about the determinants of Morality of human action.

Directive word: 

Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by saying that Human action is not at free will but determined by various factors.

Body:

Describe how morality of a person’s action varies situationally. Mention various determinants such as object, circumstances such as person/place/time involved and intention(malafide/bonafide) with an example each.

Use a flow chart for better presentation of the above.

Conclusion:

Conclude by saying that there are many obstacles that a person with a fixed moral construct must go through, which may change his action altogether.

 

Topic : dimensions of ethics;

7. For most of human history, ethics has concentrated on “human rights”. However, ethics now include the rights of environment. In this context, explain environmental ethics. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate.

Reference: A Practical Approach to Ethics Integrity and Aptitude by D.K Balaji.

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.

Key Demand of the question:

To explain environmental ethics and how it has become an important dimension of ethics in the twenty first century.

Directive word: 

Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

 Start by describing the anthropocentric nature of the discourse of ethics. Only recently the focus has shifted to environmental ethics.

Body:

Mention the implications of neglect of the environment, varied cultural beliefs surrounding it, the western ideology that environment is for human disposal without regard to the future generations, concept of sustainable development, associating rights of environment to preservation etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by saying that environmental ethics is more relevant now than ever in the context of climate change.


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