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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
A recent study notes that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is losing its stability. Modeling studies have shown that an AMOC shutdown would cool the northern hemisphere and decrease rainfall over Europe.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the causative factors that have led to AMOC losing its stability and examine its implications on global climate systems.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by AMOC.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
What causes Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation?
What is the relationship between the great ocean conveyor and the Atlantic Meridional overturn circulation? What happens if the AMOC collapses?
How does the overturning circulation in the ocean influence the global heat balance?
Discuss its implication on Global Climate system.
Conclusion:
Conclude suitably.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Twenty years ago on August 6 in Erwadi in Tamil Nadu’s Ramanathapuram, a fire broke out in a thatched shelter, engulfing 43 chained people who had psychosocial disabilities.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the importance of ensuring the dignity of persons with disability in the country.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the context of the question.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Legal provision for the persons with disabilities.
Highlight the failure of States; Sates have failed to uphold the human rights of people with disabilities in general and those with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities in particular.
Discuss the violations of rights in private asylum.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
India took over the Presidency of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on August 1, from France.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the factors which emphasize that India deserves a permanent seat in the UNSC. Also explain the hurdles for India in achieving this goal.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with importance of India getting permanent seat at the UNSC.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
India’s Pursuit for Permanent membership at UNSC and why India deserves this reward.
Trace India’s participation in the UN system from past to present.
Discuss the factors constraining India’s ambition of Permanent membership.
Explain what are the steps India is taking in pursuance of permanent membership at UNSC?
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article talks about the crisis in urban employment scenario and applauds the recommendation of the parliamentary committee to have an urban employment scheme on the lines of MNREGS.
Key Demand of the question:
Present the impact of pandemic on urban employment and discuss in what way an urban job guarantee scheme is the need of the hour.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some key data.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss the impact of the pandemic on urban employment first; the government has not conducted a holistic survey on the way migrant workers were impacted due to pandemic induced lockdown.
Further, the PLFS highlights the job recovery, which is skewed and misleading. Most of the recovery in jobs has happened in unpaid workers category or disguised employment. Youth has been most affected, and the average wage has gone down since the pandemic.
Explain with suitable justifications as to why an urban job guarantee scheme is the need of the hour.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Plastic pact model to address plastic pollution is now being brought to India by CII and WWF India.
Key Demand of the question:
Answer must present a detailed analysis of the plastic waste issue and solutions offered by plastic pact model.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly present the menace of plastic wastes globally.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Why plastic waste needs to be managed? – A 2019 report by the Center for International Environment Law suggest that by 2050 Greenhouse Gas emission from plastic could reach over 56 gigatonnes. Similarly, the report Closing the Plastics Circulatory gap by Google suggest that without a large scale intervention we will be mismanaging more than 7.7 billion metric tonnes of plastic waste globally in the next 20 years.
Explain in what way Plastic waste is a key societal challenge.
Discuss the challenges and opportunities of plastics management.
Conclusion:
Conclude with solutions.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Last week, Parliament passed a new law that will bring uniformity in the rules and regulations governing inland waterways and navigation on them.
Key Demand of the question:
Analyse the features of the Inland Vessels Bill 2021 in the development of Inland waterways in India.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 replaces the century-old Inland Vessels Act, 1917. One of the key things the new Bill seeks to do is bring all inland waterways in India and movement of vessels on them for any purpose under a central regulatory regime.
Body:
The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 replaces the Inland Vessels Act, 1917. It seeks to bring all inland waterways in India and movement of vessels on them for any purpose under a central regulatory regime.
The Bill defines mechanically propelled vessels as ships, boats, sailing vessels, container vessels, and ferries. The Centre will frame classification, standards of design, construction, and crew accommodation.
Discuss its contributions to Inland waterways.
Conclusion:
Conclude with importance.
Topic: role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article tries to understand and bring out misinformation against women.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to present a detailed analysis as to how a healthy democracy like India should empower and protect the entire society.
Directive:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with recent incidences of misinformation with respect to gender.
Body:
Sexism and online harassment prevent women from taking vocal stands and hinder progress. Men are at the centre of this disinformation. Men manufacture such false news and also fall for it.
They also indulge in disinformation to keep propaganda, including political propaganda alive. Such misinformation has been empowered by the arrival of the internet.
Discuss the major issues with some examples.
Suggest what needs to be done.
Conclusion:
Conclude with the need to promote a more democratic society, because a healthy democracy is participatory and promotes gender inclusiveness.
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