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General Studies – 1
Topic: Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
The article brings to us closer insights on the vulnerability of women in obtaining equitable access to food across the World.
Key Demand of the question:
Analyse the vulnerability of women in obtaining equitable access to food across the World.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by equitable access to food in general.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
First explain what does an equitable food system in the times of climate crisis and a pandemic look like?
Explain that Gender equality and food systems are interlaced. But today’s food systems — heavily afflicted by power imbalances and inequality — do not work for most women.
Discuss the causative factors that have led to such an imbalance.
Give evidence of inequitable access to Women, reasons behind inequitable access.
Suggest what needs to be done.
Conclusion:
Conclude that food, clothing, and shelter are basic rights that every individual requires for their survival. Recognizing this, prudent efforts should be made for ensuring equitable access of food to women as it would uphold their dignity and also help in achieving sustainable development goals 2 (Zero Hunger) and 5 (Gender Equality) of the United Nations.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Recently, the Minister of Defence introduced the Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021, in the Lok Sabha to provide for the maintenance of essential defence services so as “to secure the security of nation and the life and property of the public at large” and prevent staff of the government-owned ordnance factories from going on strike.
Key Demand of the question:
Debate if the Right to Protest should be recognized as the basic fundamental rights under Indian Constitution.
Directive:
Debate – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by Right to Protest.
Body:
Discuss the constitutional position of Right to strike first – In India, right to protest is a fundamental right under Article 19 of the Constitution of India. But right to strike is not a fundamental right but a legal right and with this right statutory restriction is attached in the industrial dispute Act, 1947.
Then, explain the position of Right to strike under international conventions.
Present your arguments for and against making this right a fundamental one.
Conclusion:
Conclude that there is no fundamental right to strike under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. Strikes cannot be justified on any equitable ground. Strike as a weapon is mostly misused which results in chaos.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article explains the recent horizontal reservation policy of the Bihar government and its advantages.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain if the Bihar government’s horizontal reservation for women be extended to other states as well.
Directive:
Justify – When you are asked to justify, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences. You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by horizontal reservation policy.
Body:
The Bihar government recently announced 33% horizontal reservation for women in State engineering and medical colleges.
Horizontal reservation: This refers to the equal opportunity provided to other categories of beneficiaries, such as women, veterans, the transgender community, and individuals with disabilities, cutting through the vertical categories.
Present arguments as to why horizontal reservation of women has to be adopted.
Conclusion:
Conclude suitably.
Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
4. Examine the causes which lead to the death of democracy in a country. (250 words)
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article examines the causes which lead to the death of democracy in a country.
Key Demand of the question:
Examine in detail the causes which lead to the death of democracy in a country and suggest what should be the way forward.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some fact such as – In its Democracy Report 2021, Sweden’s V-Dem Institute noted that India “has almost lost its status as a democracy”. It ranked India below Sierra Leone, Guatemala and Hungary.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Firstly discuss the meaning and challenges the democracy in India faces.
Then discuss the causes for death of Democracy; government failure, Weak institutions, social emergencies, societal inequalities, unavailability of basic amenities, vulnerability of the weaker sections of the society etc.
Suggest what should be the solutions to address these concerns.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article brings to us the concerns around the fossil fuel and the policy dilemma associated with it.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the policy challenges faced by India with respect to crude oil import and utilisation.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by explaining what the policy dilemma is before India with respect to fossil fuels.
Body:
First discuss the issues prevalent with respect to crude oil management.
Explain that the spread and speed of the destruction caused by climate change presents the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas a policy dilemma, if not a moral one.
Dilemma is how to redefine the supply-side priorities in the face of the imperatives of Atma Nirbharta (self Sufficiency) when about 85% fossil fuels are still imported.
Thus, there is a need to look into various measures that can be taken by the ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in order to bridge the demand supply gap.
Conclusion:
Suggest way forward.
Topic: e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
The article explains that Millions of farmers in India, who often rely on luck or favorable weather for a decent harvest, could be benefitted with access to better technologies which are affordable.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss how technology can enable smart farming in India.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some key facts highlighting the conditions of Indian farmers.
Body:
Millions of farmers in India, who often rely on luck or favorable weather for a decent harvest, could be benefitted with access to better technologies which are affordable.
Innovative financial arrangements and micro-loans might be required to increase the adoption of technology in agriculture, which is currently absent.
Discuss how technology can enable smart farming in India. Give examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Case Studies on issues.
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper I , part geography.
Key Demand of the question:
One is
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Introduce by giving a brief outline around Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Body:
In common parlance, Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions.
AI systems are likely to make use of plenty of personal information of its users. Consequently, it raises matters of concern about protecting the privacy of the data subject in the best possible way, and giving each individual the right to decide how his/her personal data is used.
Discuss the ethical concerns related to AI on privacy, unemployment and potential for its misuse.
Conclusion:
Conclude by briefly suggesting some possible measures to address such challenges.
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