DAY – 51 ( INSTA REVISION TEST – 51)INSTA REVISION PLAN 2.0, 2021 – INSIGHTSIAS

Solution: C

PIL is brought before the Court not for the purpose of enforcing the right of one individual against another as happens in the case of ordinary litigation, but it is intended to promote and vindicate public interest. In a PIL, unlike traditional dispute resolution mechanism, there is no determination on adjudication of individual rights.

It creates a new regime of human rights by expanding the meaning of fundamental right to equality, life and personal liberty.

Solution: B

A VVPAT is a machine that is attached to the Electronic Voting Machine (EVM).  A voter casts his or her vote on the EVM as is currently being done. The VVPAT attached to the EVM generates a paper slip which has the name of the candidate voted for and the symbol of his party.

A VVPAT is intended as an independent verification system for voting machines designed to allow voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, to detect possible election fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the stored electronic results.

Solution: D

Senescent cells are the opposite of stem cells, they can never divide again. New research finds that ageing, senescent cells stop producing nucleotides, the building block of DNA. When young cells were prevented from producing nucleotides, the cells became senescent.

Solution: C

Waste Minimization Circles (WMC) helps Small and Medium Industrial Clusters in waste minimization in their industrial plants.

This is assisted by the World Bank with the Ministry of Environment and Forests acting as the nodal ministry. The project is being implemented with the assistance of National Productivity Council (NPC), New Delhi. The initiative also aims to realize the objectives of the Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution (1992), which states that the government should educate citizens about environmental risks, the economic and health dangers of resource degradation and the real economic cost of natural resources.

Solution: B

Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management

• The aim of the Declaration is to halve nitrogen waste by 2030.
• It calls upon UN agencies, other international organizations, development partners, philanthropic agencies, academic and civil society organizations to support its implementation.
• It urges countries to conduct a comprehensive assessment on nitrogen cycling covering policy, implementation, regulation, and scientific aspects at a national level plus sensitize the citizens to understand the natural nitrogen cycle and how human impacts alter its balance.
• The Declaration was developed with technical support from International Nitrogen Management System (INMS).

Solution: D

Grounds of Declaration

Under Article 352, the President can declare a national emergency when the security of India or a part of it is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion. It may be noted that the president can declare a national emergency even before the actual occurrence of war or external aggression or armed rebellion, if he is satisfied that there is an imminent danger.

The President can also issue different proclamations on grounds of war, external aggression, armed rebellion, or imminent danger thereof, whether or not there is a proclamation already issued by him and such proclamation is in operation. This provision was added by the 38th Amendment Act of 1975. When a national emergency is declared on the ground of ‘war’ or ‘external aggression’, it is known as ‘External Emergency’. On the other hand, when it is declared on the ground of ‘armed rebellion’, it is known as ‘Internal Emergency’.

A proclamation of national emergency may be applicable to the entire country or only a part of it. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 enabled the president to limit the operation of a National Emergency to a specified part of India.

Originally, the Constitution mentioned ‘internal disturbance’ as the third ground for the proclamation of a National Emergency, but the expression was too vague and had a wider connotation.

Hence, the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 substituted the words ‘armed rebellion’ for ‘internal disturbance’. Thus, it is no longer possible to declare a National Emergency on the ground of ‘internal disturbance’ as was done in 1975 by the Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi.

Solution: A

The Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 provided for the declaration of certain areas by the State Government as wildlife sanctuaries if the area was thought to be of adequate ecological, geomorphological and natural significance.

Certain activities such as grazing of livestock are regulated in sanctuaries and are prohibited in National Parks.

Wildlife sanctuary can be created for a particular species whereas the national park is not primarily focused on a particular species. Example Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctuary, Karnataka.

Solution: A

The IT tool, known as the Integrated Road Accident Database (IRAD), has been developed by the Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT-M) and will be implemented by the National Informatics Centre.

The IRAD mobile application will enable police personnel to enter details about a road accident, along with photos and videos, following which a unique ID will be created for the incident. The project costs ₹258 crore and is being supported by the World Bank.

Solution: C

DigiLocker

DigiLocker is an online service provided by Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY), Government of India under its Digital India initiative.

It provides an account in cloud to every Indian citizen to access authentic documents/certificates such as driving license, vehicle registration, and academic mark list in digital format from the original issuers of these certificates.

It also provides 1GB storage space to each account to upload scanned copies of legacy documents.

Users need to possess an Aadhar card to use DigiLocker. For sign-up, the Aadhar card number and the one-time password sent to the Aadhar-associated mobile number, need to be entered.

Solution: C

The Sarayu is a river that flows through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the Vedas and the Ramayana. The Sarayu river of India forms at the confluence of the Karnali and Mahakali in Bahraich District.

Ayodhya is situated on the banks of river Sarayu. Some mapmakers consider the Sarayu to be just a section of the lower Ghaghara River.

It flows through the Kumaon Himalayas, and passes by the towns of Kapkot, Bageshwar and Seraghat before flowing into the Mahakali at Pancheshwar.

Solution: D

District Planning Committee

Every state shall constitute at the district level, a district planning committee to consolidate the plans prepared by panchayats and municipalities in the district, and to prepare a draft development plan for the district as a whole. The state legislature may make provisions with respect to the following:

1. The composition of such committees;
2. The manner of election of members of such committees;
3. The functions of such committees in relation to district planning; and
4. The manner of the election of the chairpersons of such committees.

The act lays down that four-fifths of the members of a district planning committee should be elected by the elected members of the district panchayat and municipalities in the district from amongst themselves. The representation of these members in the committee should be in proportion to the ratio between the rural and urban populations in the district.

The chairperson of such committee shall forward the development plan to the state government.

In preparing the draft development plan, a district planning committee shall

(a) Have regard to–

(i) matters of common interest between the Panchayats and Municipalities including spatial planning, sharing of water other physical and natural resources, the integrated development of infrastructure and environmental conservation;

(ii) the extent and type of available resources whether financial otherwise; and

(b) Consult such institutions and organizations as the Governor may specify.

Solution: C

Clownfish also known as anemonefish, are some of the most iconic marine fish in the world. Clownfish are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The greatest diversity of clownfish is found close to Papua New Guinea, although the Great Barrier Reef in Australia is also known for a number of unique variants.

Clownfish breed only in sea anemones, sharing a symbiotic bond. The anemone benefits because clownfish can defend the anemone from fish that might eat it. Clownfish are the only fish that do not get stung by the nematocysts of the anemone.

Solution: C
Allotransplant is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts

Solution: C

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a product offered by banks and credit unions that offers an interest rate premium in exchange for the customer agreeing to leave a lump-sum deposit untouched for a predetermined period of time. Banks/FIs cannot grant loans against CDs.

Minimum amount for Certificate of Deposit has been fixed at Rs. 1 Lakh, to be accepted from a single subscriber larger amounts have to be in the multiples of Rs. 1 Lakh.

Certificates of Deposit are money market instruments and their maturity period is between seven days to one year for commercial banks. For Financial Institutions, the maturity is not less than a year and not more than three years.

Solution: A

The anemia control programme review indicated challenges in IFA supply chain management, demand generation and monitoring. Considering, the slow progress i.e. less than 1% per annum in reduction of anaemia from 2005 to 2015, the Government of India has launched the Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy under the Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment (POSHAN) Abhiyaan and the targets has been set to reduce anaemia by 3% per year.

The 6x6x6 strategy under AMB implies six age groups, six interventions and six institutional mechanisms. The strategy focuses on ensuring supply chain, demand generation and strong monitoring using the dashboard for addressing anemia, both due to nutritional and non-nutritional causes.

1. The six population groups under AMB strategy are:

• • • • Children (6-59 months)
      • Children (5-9 years)
      • Adolescents girls and boys (10-19 years)
      • Pregnant women
      • Lactating women
      • Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) group (15-49 years)

1. The six interventions are:

• Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation
• Deworming
• Intensified year-round Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Campaign and delayed cord clamping
• Testing of anaemia using digital methods and point of care treatment,
• Mandatory provision of Iron and Folic Acid fortified foods in Government funded health programmes
• Addressing non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis and the six institutional mechanisms.

1. The six institutional mechanisms are:

• Inter-ministerial coordination
• National AnemiaMukt Bharat Unit
• National Centre of Excellence and Advanced research on Anemia Control
• Convergence with other ministries
• Strengthening supply chain and logistics
• AnemiaMukt Bharat Dashboard and Digital Portal- one-stop shop for Anemia.

This comprehensive strategy is expected to yield positive results in Anemia control.