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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article explains to us what the UNESCO heritage site Dholavira tells us about the Indus Valley Civilisation. Dholavira, the archaeological site of a Harappan-era city, received the UNESCO world heritage site tag recently.
Key Demand of the question:
Elaborate upon the distinct features of cities of Indus Valley Civilization located in Western India.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with significance of IVC.
Body:
The question is straightforward and there isn’t much to deliberate.
Discuss the unique features; The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large, non-residential buildings.
Talk specifically of the cities located in western India.
Give examples and explain the details with supporting maps and diagrams.
Conclusion:
Conclude with importance.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Reference: Hindustan Times
Why the question:
The article highlights in what way Science and technology is central to strong and lasting Indo-US ties.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the pivotal role that the science and technology sector can play in strengthening the Indo-US relations and making them long lasting.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Brief upon the Indo-US background in short from past to present.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Talk about the deepening Indo-US ties; India and the US have come a long way since the 1990s. There is growing political and security cooperation, expanding economic engagement, widening interface between the two societies, and the intensifying footprint of the Indian diaspora in the US.
Then move onto analyse the opportunities in Indo-US relations and how nature of challenges demands shift towards partnering on next gen quantum computers, AI, genome sequencing, affordable designing and building the next generation of airplanes running on clean energy etc.
Explain the significance of the shift towards science and technology and also explain why the focus in the India-US relationship needs to shift to science, technology, and trade.
Conclusion:
Conclude with importance.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Emigration Bill 2021 is likely to be introduced in Parliament. Thus the context.
Key Demand of the question:
Critically examine the Emigration Bill 2021. And analyse if it be sufficient to protect Indian workers overseas.
Directive:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with background of emigrants of India living abroad.
Body:
There has been growing number of reports of exploitative practices like large recruitment charges, contract substitution, and deception, retention of passports, non-payment or underpayment of wages, poor living conditions, discrimination and other forms of ill-treatment of the Indian migrant workers.
Discuss the key features of the new Bill.
Account for the pros and cons of the Bill.
Conclusion:
Conclude that the new Bill though better than the Emigration Act 1983, more reforms are needed to protect Indian workers. The new bill must explicitly recognize the contributions of Indian workers, the unique challenges they face, and uphold the dignity and human rights of migrants and their families.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism. Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Reference: news.un.org
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper III, part Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to elaborate upon the Cross-border links between terrorists, organized crime and thus the need for coherent global response.
Directive:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by highlighting in the context of India the case of Cross-border links between terrorists, organized crime.
Body:
Discuss first the reasons that lead to Cross-border links between terrorists, organized crime.
Present the case of India; give examples in support of your discussion.
Explain why it is important to have coherent global response.
Discuss that Collective action and international cooperation are needed now more than ever.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: GS-1: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
GS-3: Disaster and disaster management.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article highlights the impacts of Climate Change on the seasons of India.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the changes that have occurred in the climate trends over the Arabian Sea in the recent times.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
According to a new study published in Climate Dynamics, there has been a 52 percent increase in the frequency of cyclones over the Arabian Sea from 2001 to 2019. Whereas a drop of 8% over the Bay of Bengal was observed, compared to 1982-2002. The Bay of Bengal has historically seen the most cyclones.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
First analyse the causative factors in detail and explain the impact of it.
Extreme events such as bursts of heavy localized rainfall, lengthy droughts, and heat waves are likely to become more common. It emphasizes the importance of good forecasts that can predict such events at least three to five days ahead of time.
Discuss what needs to be done? – Climate-proofing is required in the most vulnerable areas and takes scientific risk assessments seriously. Good forecasts are need of the hour.
Suggest what needs to be done.
Conclusion:
International climate change accords to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would only help the world in the long run, but what is done now will determine whether we survive or thrive.
Topic: Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money laundering and its prevention.
Reference: iiss.org
Why the question:
A recent report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) has placed India in the third-tier country category with respect to cyber warfare capabilities.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the need for India to develop its cyber competences amidst rising cyber-attack incidences.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with findings of the report.
Body:
In the report titled ‘Cyber Capabilities and National Power: A Net Assessment’ by IISS, India has been put in the third tier meant for countries that have strengths in some of these categories but significant weaknesses in others. The US was the only country in the top tier.
Discuss the state of India with respect to Cyber-attacks and its readiness.
Talk about the need for developing Cyber Security capabilities.
Explain what can be done to develop cyber security capabilities?
Conclusion:
Conclude with solutions.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment. Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
The article explains in what way the adoption and promotion of renewable energy in India from an economic and sustainability perspective, using qualitative and quantitative frameworks and empirical data, is the need of the hour.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in what way Adoption and Promotion of renewable energy is a precondition to meet India’s targets of economic growth and development.
Directive:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some key facts with respect to the context of the question.
Body:
India’s current population is 1.35 billion, which is expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2035. The country’s population grew at a rate of 2.52 per cent annually from 1980 to 2020. The demand for energy has steadily increased in India, given the increasing population.
With suitable data highlight the demand of energy in India.
Explain that energy is an important economic sector that creates jobs and value by extracting, transforming and distributing energy goods and services throughout the economy. Energy is the input for nearly every product and service in the economy and supports economic activities across each of its productive sectors.
Conclusion:
Conclude with need for Adoption and Promotion of renewable energy.
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