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General Studies – 1
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Reference: orfonline.org
Why the question:
The National Rural Livelihoods Mission which completed the first phase of ten years, since its launch in the year 2011, is gearing up for the next phase of reforms.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the major impacts of National Rural Livelihoods Mission on the society of India.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief introduction of NRLM.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss first the key initiatives of NRLM.
Then explain the major Impacts of NRLM on the Society; empowering society, bringing women into public sphere, increasing women participation in workforce, augmenting income, financial inclusion etc.
Bring out the challenges associated.
Conclusion:
Conclude with its importance.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article presents the case of reviving SAARC.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss at length in what way revival of SAARC is necessary and it can also contribute positively to the current Afghan situation.
Directive:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
With US withdrawal from Afghanistan, the failure of South Asian nations to act in accord will plunge the region into perilous theatre of discord. A revival of SAARC brings up the hope of reintegration.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
First bring out the complexities of the South Asian Region; beset with unsettled territorial disputes, as well as trans-border criminal and subversive activities; it remains a theatre for ethnic, cultural, and religious tensions and rivalries. A current rise in ultra-nationalism, Nuclear-armed neighbours etc.
Discuss the need for revival of SAARC; Regionalism as a confidence-building measure, counter terrorism aspects etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude that if the geopolitical dynamics following World War II could allow die-hard enemies France and Germany to interface effectively enough to create the European Union, there is no reason why India and Pakistan cannot come together. SAARC has the capacity to bring nations together.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article highlights the lessons from India’s food security response.
Key Demand of the question:
Critically analyse the effectiveness of government policies and programs to tackle the food crisis during COVID 19 pandemic in India.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with a fact such as; India has made enormous progress in food production over the years, with an inspiring journey towards self-sufficiency in food production marked by the Green Revolution. In 2020, India produced over 30 crore tonnes of cereals and had built up a food stock of 10 crore tonnes.
Body:
The answer body must analyse in detail the food policies by the government amidst the pandemic times.
Key measures initiated by the Union government included allowing the States to lift their allocations for six months in one go, in anticipation of a surge in demand for foodgrain through the public distribution system.
As data shows, there was an unprecedented spike in the uptake of subsidized and free food grains during the lockdown. The public distribution system became a lifeline for millions hit by the pandemic.
Discuss the challenges faced.
Conclusion:
Suggest way ahead and conclude.
Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article brings to us insights on the idea of Indian. It presents a detailed analysis of “Religion in India: Tolerance and Segregation”, a report published by the Pew Research Center.
Key Demand of the question:
Analyse in detail in what way a Hindu-Hindi definition threatens to override a superordinate civic identity underlined by the Indian Constitution.
Directive:
Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the idea of religion in India.
Body:
Explain first the paradox of Indian identity: Despite the centrality of religion and caste in India’s social and political life, there is a larger “superordinate” civic identity that exists.
While most Indians prefer to live in neighborhoods of their caste or religion; prefers endogamy, a high proportion of Indians (82-88%) also say that being “truly Indian” means respecting all religions.
The starting point of the Indian paradox is the high incidence of bonding as opposed to bridging — bonding within one’s religious and caste communities, not bridging across such boundaries.
Muslims with syncretized features: India’s Muslims are closer to Indian Hindus than to Pakistani or Bangladeshi Muslims.
India’s Muslims subscribe to the idea of karma, as much as the Hindus do; every fourth Muslim believes in reincarnation, in the purificatory power of the Ganga, in the multiple manifestations of God; and every fifth Muslim celebrates Diwali.
Unstructured hyphenated identities: Indians want to be Hindus and Indians, Muslims and Indians, Christians and Indians, and so on.
Conclusion:
If regional pushback (from South Indian) expands its geographical ambit, the Hindi-Hindu-India politics will be weakened, and the superordinate identity will become stronger. If the current regime manages to reverse the pushback, India will be headed towards a breakdown of its superordinate civic identity.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
The article explains that E-commerce has become one of the most important segments of the global economy. Any attempt to regulate it, will have implications for the economy of the country.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the concerns associated with growth of e-commerce in India.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
India’s e-commerce sector is set to expand into an oligopoly with the entry of Reliance, Tata, and a revamped Snap deal from a near-duopoly of Amazon and Walmart-owned Flipkart at present.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Explain first the Concerns regarding growth of e-commerce in India.
Brief about the proposed e-commerce rules and analyse their validity.
Then explain the significance of E-commerce entities to India.
Conclusion:
Suggest what needs to be done and conclude with way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
The article explains how digging up the ocean floor for metals could prove disastrous.
Key Demand of the question:
Critically examine the impact of commercialization of sea-floor mining on marine life.
Directive:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the context of the question. A startup, The Metals Co, holds prospecting rights over 90,000 square miles of seabed and plans to indulge in seabed mining.
Body:
The seafloor contains potato-sized rocks that contain many metals needed to make electric-car batteries. Many perceive that seabed mining as a green alternative to land-based mineral extraction—and potentially a hugely lucrative business. But it is not completely true.
Talk briefly about polymetallic nodules.
Highlight the challenges in Sea floor mining.
Discuss the impact of it in detail upon the marine life.
Conclusion:
Conclude with what needs to be done; the UN should call for a moratorium on seafloor mining. Further, countries should consider challenging any permits at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and other legal forums.
Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
7. How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management? (250 words)
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper III, part Security challenges and their management in border areas.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail to what extent India’s internal security challenges are linked with border management.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with key facts that highlight the vast borders of India.
Body:
The answer body must explain how due to the proclivity of India’s neighbours to exploit India’s nation-building difficulties, the country’s internal security challenges are inextricably linked with border management.
Discuss with each neighbor in what way the border management becomes challenging owing to internal security challenges.
Give examples to justify your position.
Suggest what steps have been taken so far in this direction.
Conclusion:
Conclude by hinting at the initiatives of the government in this direction.
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